持续学习需要模型来学习新任务,同时保持先前学识到的知识。已经提出了各种算法来解决这一真正的挑战。到目前为止,基于排练的方法,例如经验重播,取得了最先进的性能。这些方法将过去任务的一小部分保存为内存缓冲区,以防止模型忘记以前学识的知识。但是,它们中的大多数情况都同样对待每一个新任务,即,在学习不同的新任务时修复了框架的超级参数。这样的设置缺乏对过去和新任务之间的关系/相似性的考虑。例如,与从公共汽车中学到的人相比,从狗的知识/特征比识别猫(新任务)更有益。在这方面,我们提出了一种基于BI级优化的元学习算法,以便自适应地调整从过去和新任务中提取的知识之间的关系。因此,该模型可以在持续学习期间找到适当的梯度方向,避免在内存缓冲区上的严重过度拟合问题。广泛的实验是在三个公开的数据集(即CiFar-10,CiFar-100和微小想象网)上进行的。实验结果表明,该方法可以一致地改善所有基线的性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
持续学习(CL)旨在开发单一模型适应越来越多的任务的技术,从而潜在地利用跨任务的学习以资源有效的方式。 CL系统的主要挑战是灾难性的遗忘,在学习新任务时忘记了早期的任务。为了解决此问题,基于重播的CL方法在遇到遇到任务中选择的小缓冲区中维护和重复培训。我们提出梯度Coreset重放(GCR),一种新颖的重播缓冲区选择和使用仔细设计的优化标准的更新策略。具体而言,我们选择并维护一个“Coreset”,其与迄今为止关于当前模型参数的所有数据的梯度紧密近似,并讨论其有效应用于持续学习设置所需的关键策略。在学习的离线持续学习环境中,我们在最先进的最先进的最先进的持续学习环境中表现出显着的收益(2%-4%)。我们的调查结果还有效地转移到在线/流媒体CL设置,从而显示现有方法的5%。最后,我们展示了持续学习的监督对比损失的价值,当与我们的子集选择策略相结合时,累计增益高达5%。
translated by 谷歌翻译
General Continual Learning (GCL) aims at learning from non independent and identically distributed stream data without catastrophic forgetting of the old tasks that don't rely on task boundaries during both training and testing stages. We reveal that the relation and feature deviations are crucial problems for catastrophic forgetting, in which relation deviation refers to the deficiency of the relationship among all classes in knowledge distillation, and feature deviation refers to indiscriminative feature representations. To this end, we propose a Complementary Calibration (CoCa) framework by mining the complementary model's outputs and features to alleviate the two deviations in the process of GCL. Specifically, we propose a new collaborative distillation approach for addressing the relation deviation. It distills model's outputs by utilizing ensemble dark knowledge of new model's outputs and reserved outputs, which maintains the performance of old tasks as well as balancing the relationship among all classes. Furthermore, we explore a collaborative self-supervision idea to leverage pretext tasks and supervised contrastive learning for addressing the feature deviation problem by learning complete and discriminative features for all classes. Extensive experiments on four popular datasets show that our CoCa framework achieves superior performance against state-of-the-art methods. Code is available at https://github.com/lijincm/CoCa.
translated by 谷歌翻译
持续学习旨在快速,不断地从一系列任务中学习当前的任务。与其他类型的方法相比,基于经验重播的方法表现出了极大的优势来克服灾难性的遗忘。该方法的一个常见局限性是上一个任务和当前任务之间的数据不平衡,这将进一步加剧遗忘。此外,如何在这种情况下有效解决稳定性困境也是一个紧迫的问题。在本文中,我们通过提出一个通过多尺度知识蒸馏和数据扩展(MMKDDA)提出一个名为Meta学习更新的新框架来克服这些挑战。具体而言,我们应用多尺度知识蒸馏来掌握不同特征级别的远程和短期空间关系的演变,以减轻数据不平衡问题。此外,我们的方法在在线持续训练程序中混合了来自情节记忆和当前任务的样品,从而减轻了由于概率分布的变化而减轻了侧面影响。此外,我们通过元学习更新来优化我们的模型,该更新诉诸于前面所看到的任务数量,这有助于保持稳定性和可塑性之间的更好平衡。最后,我们对四个基准数据集的实验评估显示了提出的MMKDDA框架对其他流行基线的有效性,并且还进行了消融研究,以进一步分析每个组件在我们的框架中的作用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Large pre-trained, zero-shot capable models have shown considerable success both for standard transfer and adaptation tasks, with particular robustness towards distribution shifts. In addition, subsequent fine-tuning can considerably improve performance on a selected downstream task. However, through naive fine-tuning, these zero-shot models lose their generalizability and robustness towards distribution shifts. This is a particular problem for tasks such as Continual Learning (CL), where continuous adaptation has to be performed as new task distributions are introduced sequentially. In this work, we showcase that where fine-tuning falls short to adapt such zero-shot capable models, simple momentum-based weight interpolation can provide consistent improvements for CL tasks in both memory-free and memory-based settings. In particular, we find improvements of over $+4\%$ on standard CL benchmarks, while reducing the error to the upper limit of jointly training on all tasks at once in parts by more than half, allowing the continual learner to inch closer to the joint training limits.
translated by 谷歌翻译
古典机器学习者仅设计用于解决一项任务,而无需采用新的新兴任务或课程,而这种能力在现实世界中更实用和人类。为了解决这种缺点,阐述了持续的机器学习者,以表彰使用域和班级的任务流,不同的任务之间的转变。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于一个基于对比的连续学习方法,其能够处理多个持续学习场景。具体地,我们通过特征传播和对比表示学习来对准当前和先前的表示空间来弥合不同任务之间的域移位。为了进一步减轻特征表示的类别的班次,利用了监督的对比损失以使与不同类别的相同类的示例嵌入。广泛的实验结果表明,与一组尖端连续学习方法相比,六个连续学习基准中提出的方法的出色性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Continual Learning is considered a key step toward next-generation Artificial Intelligence. Among various methods, replay-based approaches that maintain and replay a small episodic memory of previous samples are one of the most successful strategies against catastrophic forgetting. However, since forgetting is inevitable given bounded memory and unbounded tasks, how to forget is a problem continual learning must address. Therefore, beyond simply avoiding catastrophic forgetting, an under-explored issue is how to reasonably forget while ensuring the merits of human memory, including 1. storage efficiency, 2. generalizability, and 3. some interpretability. To achieve these simultaneously, our paper proposes a new saliency-augmented memory completion framework for continual learning, inspired by recent discoveries in memory completion separation in cognitive neuroscience. Specifically, we innovatively propose to store the part of the image most important to the tasks in episodic memory by saliency map extraction and memory encoding. When learning new tasks, previous data from memory are inpainted by an adaptive data generation module, which is inspired by how humans complete episodic memory. The module's parameters are shared across all tasks and it can be jointly trained with a continual learning classifier as bilevel optimization. Extensive experiments on several continual learning and image classification benchmarks demonstrate the proposed method's effectiveness and efficiency.
translated by 谷歌翻译
持续学习(CL)依次学习像人类这样的新任务,其目标是实现更好的稳定性(S,记住过去的任务)和可塑性(P,适应新任务)。由于过去的培训数据不可用,因此探索培训示例中S和P的影响差异很有价值,这可能会改善对更好的SP的学习模式。受影响函数的启发(如果),我们首先研究了示例通过添加扰动来示例体重和计算影响推导的影响。为了避免在神经网络中Hessian逆的存储和计算负担,我们提出了一种简单而有效的METASP算法,以模拟IF计算中的两个关键步骤,并获得S-和P-Aware示例的影响。此外,我们建议通过解决双目标优化问题来融合两种示例影响,并获得对SP Pareto最优性的融合影响。融合影响可用于控制模型的更新并优化排练的存储。经验结果表明,我们的算法在任务和类别基准CL数据集上都显着优于最先进的方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
持续学习旨在通过以在线学习方式利用过去获得的知识,同时能够在所有以前的任务上表现良好,从而学习一系列任务,这对人工智能(AI)系统至关重要,因此持续学习与传统学习模式相比,更适合大多数现实和复杂的应用方案。但是,当前的模型通常在每个任务上的类标签上学习一个通用表示基础,并选择有效的策略来避免灾难性的遗忘。我们假设,仅从获得的知识中选择相关且有用的零件比利用整个知识更有效。基于这一事实,在本文中,我们提出了一个新框架,名为“选择相关的在线持续学习知识(SRKOCL),该框架结合了一种额外的有效频道注意机制,以选择每个任务的特定相关知识。我们的模型还结合了经验重播和知识蒸馏,以避免灾难性的遗忘。最后,在不同的基准上进行了广泛的实验,竞争性实验结果表明,我们提出的SRKOCL是针对最先进的承诺方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
人类智慧的主食是以不断的方式获取知识的能力。在Stark对比度下,深网络忘记灾难性,而且为此原因,类增量连续学习促进方法的子字段逐步学习一系列任务,将顺序获得的知识混合成综合预测。这项工作旨在评估和克服我们以前提案黑暗体验重播(Der)的陷阱,这是一种简单有效的方法,将排练和知识蒸馏结合在一起。灵感来自于我们的思想不断重写过去的回忆和对未来的期望,我们赋予了我的能力,即我的能力来修改其重播记忆,以欢迎有关过去数据II的新信息II)为学习尚未公开的课程铺平了道路。我们表明,这些策略的应用导致了显着的改进;实际上,得到的方法 - 被称为扩展-DAR(X-DER) - 优于标准基准(如CiFar-100和MiniimAgeNet)的技术状态,并且这里引入了一个新颖的。为了更好地了解,我们进一步提供了广泛的消融研究,以证实并扩展了我们以前研究的结果(例如,在持续学习设置中知识蒸馏和漂流最小值的价值)。
translated by 谷歌翻译
We motivate Energy-Based Models (EBMs) as a promising model class for continual learning problems. Instead of tackling continual learning via the use of external memory, growing models, or regularization, EBMs change the underlying training objective to cause less interference with previously learned information. Our proposed version of EBMs for continual learning is simple, efficient, and outperforms baseline methods by a large margin on several benchmarks. Moreover, our proposed contrastive divergence-based training objective can be combined with other continual learning methods, resulting in substantial boosts in their performance. We further show that EBMs are adaptable to a more general continual learning setting where the data distribution changes without the notion of explicitly delineated tasks. These observations point towards EBMs as a useful building block for future continual learning methods.
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们探索无任务持续学习(CL),其中培训模型以避免在没有明确的任务边界或身份的情况下造成灾难性的遗忘。在无任务CL上的许多努力中,一个值得注意的方法是基于内存的,存储和重放训练示例的子集。然而,由于CL模型不断更新,所以存储的示例的效用可以随时间缩短。这里,我们提出基于梯度的存储器编辑(GMED),该框架是通过梯度更新在连续输入空间中编辑存储的示例的框架,以便为重放创建更多的“具有挑战性”示例。 GMED编辑的例子仍然类似于其未编辑的形式,但可以在即将到来的模型更新中产生增加的损失,从而使未来的重播在克服灾难性遗忘方面更有效。通过施工,GMED可以与其他基于内存的CL算法一起无缝应用,以进一步改进。实验验证了GMED的有效性,以及我们最好的方法显着优于基线和以前的五个数据集中的最先进。可以在https://github.com/ink-usc/gmed找到代码。
translated by 谷歌翻译
持续学习的现有工作(CL)的重点是减轻灾难性遗忘,即学习新任务时过去任务的模型绩效恶化。但是,CL系统的训练效率不足,这限制了CL系统在资源有限的方案下的现实应用。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个名为“稀疏持续学习”(SPARCL)的新颖框架,这是第一个利用稀疏性以使边缘设备上具有成本效益的持续学习的研究。 SPARCL通过三个方面的协同作用来实现训练加速度和准确性保护:体重稀疏性,数据效率和梯度稀疏性。具体而言,我们建议在整个CL过程中学习一个稀疏网络,动态数据删除(DDR),以删除信息较少的培训数据和动态梯度掩盖(DGM),以稀疏梯度更新。他们每个人不仅提高了效率,而且进一步减轻了灾难性的遗忘。 SPARCL始终提高现有最新CL方法(SOTA)CL方法的训练效率最多减少了训练失败,而且令人惊讶的是,SOTA的准确性最多最多提高了1.7%。 SPARCL还优于通过将SOTA稀疏训练方法适应CL设置的效率和准确性获得的竞争基线。我们还评估了SPARCL在真实手机上的有效性,进一步表明了我们方法的实际潜力。
translated by 谷歌翻译
这项工作调查了持续学习(CL)与转移学习(TL)之间的纠缠。特别是,我们阐明了网络预训练的广泛应用,强调它本身受到灾难性遗忘的影响。不幸的是,这个问题导致在以后任务期间知识转移的解释不足。在此基础上,我们提出了转移而不忘记(TWF),这是在固定的经过预定的兄弟姐妹网络上建立的混合方法,该方法不断传播源域中固有的知识,通过层次损失项。我们的实验表明,TWF在各种设置上稳步优于其他CL方法,在各种数据集和不同的缓冲尺寸上,平均每种类型的精度增长了4.81%。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在线持续学习(OCL)旨在通过单个通过数据从非平稳数据流进行逐步训练神经网络。基于彩排的方法试图用少量的内存近似观察到的输入分布,并以后重新审视它们以避免忘记。尽管具有强烈的经验表现,但排练方法仍然遭受了过去数据损失景观和记忆样本的差异。本文重新讨论了在线设置中的排练动态。我们从偏见和动态的经验风险最小化的角度从固有的内存过度拟合风险中提供了理论见解,并检查重复排练的优点和限制。受我们的分析的启发,一个简单而直观的基线,重复的增强彩排(RAR)旨在解决在线彩排的拟合不足的困境。令人惊讶的是,在四个相当不同的OCL基准测试中,这种简单的基线表现优于香草排练9%-17%,并且显着改善了基于最新的彩排方法miR,ASER和SCR。我们还证明,RAR成功地实现了过去数据的损失格局和其学习轨迹中的高损失山脊厌恶的准确近似。进行了广泛的消融研究,以研究重复和增强彩排和增强学习(RL)之间的相互作用(RL),以动态调整RAR的超参数以平衡在线稳定性 - 塑性权衡折衷。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Continual Learning (CL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that aims to learn from a continuous stream of tasks without forgetting knowledge learned from the previous tasks. To avoid performance decrease caused by forgetting, prior studies exploit episodic memory (EM), which stores a subset of the past observed samples while learning from new non-i.i.d. data. Despite the promising results, since CL is often assumed to execute on mobile or IoT devices, the EM size is bounded by the small hardware memory capacity and makes it infeasible to meet the accuracy requirements for real-world applications. Specifically, all prior CL methods discard samples overflowed from the EM and can never retrieve them back for subsequent training steps, incurring loss of information that would exacerbate catastrophic forgetting. We explore a novel hierarchical EM management strategy to address the forgetting issue. In particular, in mobile and IoT devices, real-time data can be stored not just in high-speed RAMs but in internal storage devices as well, which offer significantly larger capacity than the RAMs. Based on this insight, we propose to exploit the abundant storage to preserve past experiences and alleviate the forgetting by allowing CL to efficiently migrate samples between memory and storage without being interfered by the slow access speed of the storage. We call it Carousel Memory (CarM). As CarM is complementary to existing CL methods, we conduct extensive evaluations of our method with seven popular CL methods and show that CarM significantly improves the accuracy of the methods across different settings by large margins in final average accuracy (up to 28.4%) while retaining the same training efficiency.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Despite significant advances, the performance of state-of-the-art continual learning approaches hinges on the unrealistic scenario of fully labeled data. In this paper, we tackle this challenge and propose an approach for continual semi-supervised learning -- a setting where not all the data samples are labeled. An underlying issue in this scenario is the model forgetting representations of unlabeled data and overfitting the labeled ones. We leverage the power of nearest-neighbor classifiers to non-linearly partition the feature space and learn a strong representation for the current task, as well as distill relevant information from previous tasks. We perform a thorough experimental evaluation and show that our method outperforms all the existing approaches by large margins, setting a strong state of the art on the continual semi-supervised learning paradigm. For example, on CIFAR100 we surpass several others even when using at least 30 times less supervision (0.8% vs. 25% of annotations).
translated by 谷歌翻译
持续学习(CL)调查如何在无需遗忘的情况下培训在任务流上的深网络。文献中提出的CL设置假设每个传入示例都与地面真实注释配对。然而,这与许多真实应用的冲突这项工作探讨了持续的半监督学习(CSSL):这里只有一小部分标记的输入示例显示给学习者。我们评估当前CL方法(例如:EWC,LWF,Icarl,ER,GDumb,Der)在这部小说和具有挑战性的情况下,过度装箱纠缠忘记。随后,我们设计了一种新的CSSL方法,用于在学习时利用度量学习和一致性正则化来利用未标记的示例。我们展示我们的提案对监督越来越令人惊讶的是,我们的提案呈现出更高的恢复能力,甚至更令人惊讶地,仅依赖于25%的监督,以满足全面监督培训的优于营业型SOTA方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Lack of performance when it comes to continual learning over non-stationary distributions of data remains a major challenge in scaling neural network learning to more human realistic settings. In this work we propose a new conceptualization of the continual learning problem in terms of a temporally symmetric trade-off between transfer and interference that can be optimized by enforcing gradient alignment across examples. We then propose a new algorithm, Meta-Experience Replay (MER), that directly exploits this view by combining experience replay with optimization based meta-learning. This method learns parameters that make interference based on future gradients less likely and transfer based on future gradients more likely. 1 We conduct experiments across continual lifelong supervised learning benchmarks and non-stationary reinforcement learning environments demonstrating that our approach consistently outperforms recently proposed baselines for continual learning. Our experiments show that the gap between the performance of MER and baseline algorithms grows both as the environment gets more non-stationary and as the fraction of the total experiences stored gets smaller.
translated by 谷歌翻译
大多数元学习方法都假设存在于可用于基本知识的情节元学习的一组非常大的标记数据。这与更现实的持续学习范例形成对比,其中数据以包含不相交类的任务的形式逐步到达。在本文中,我们考虑了这个增量元学习(IML)的这个问题,其中类在离散任务中逐步呈现。我们提出了一种方法,我们调用了IML,我们称之为eCISODIC重播蒸馏(ERD),该方法将来自当前任务的类混合到当前任务中,当研究剧集时,来自先前任务的类别示例。然后将这些剧集用于知识蒸馏以最大限度地减少灾难性的遗忘。四个数据集的实验表明ERD超越了最先进的。特别是,在一次挑战的单次次数较挑战,长任务序列增量元学习场景中,我们将IML和联合训练与当前状态的3.5%/ 10.1%/ 13.4%之间的差距降低我们在Diered-ImageNet / Mini-ImageNet / CIFAR100上分别为2.6%/ 2.9%/ 5.0%。
translated by 谷歌翻译