图像恢复算法(如超分辨率(SR)都是用于在劣化图像中的对象检测的必不可少的预处理模块。然而,大多数这些算法假设劣化是固定的并且已知先验。当真实劣化未知或与假设不同时,预处理模块和随后的高级任务(如对象检测)将失败。在这里,我们提出了一种新颖的框架,重新定位,以检测降低的低分辨率图像中的对象。 Restoredet利用下采样的降级作为自我监督信号的一种转换,以探索针对各种分辨率和其他降级条件的等分性表示。具体地,我们通过从一对原始和随机降级的图像编码和解码劣化转换来学习这种内在视觉结构。该框架可以进一步利用先进的SR架构的优点,该架构具有任意分辨率还原解码器以重建来自劣化的输入图像的原始对应关系。代表学习和对象检测都以端到端的培训方式共同优化。 Restoredet是一个通用框架,可以在任何主流对象检测架构上实现。广泛的实验表明,与在面对变体退化情况时,我们基于Centernet的框架已经实现了卓越的性能。我们的代码即将发布。
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图像恢复算法(例如超级分辨率(SR))是低质量图像中对象检测的必不可少的预处理模块。这些算法中的大多数假定降解是固定的,并且已知先验。但是,实际上,实际降解或最佳的上采样率是未知或与假设不同的,导致预处理模块和随之而来的高级任务(例如对象检测)的性能恶化。在这里,我们提出了一个新颖的自我监督框架,以检测低分辨率图像降解的对象。我们利用下采样降解作为一种自我监督信号的一种转换,以探索针对各种分辨率和其他退化条件的模棱两可的表示。自我设计(AERIS)框架中的自动编码分辨率可以进一步利用高级SR体系结构,并使用任意分辨率恢复解码器,以从退化的输入图像中重建原始对应关系。表示学习和对象检测均以端到端的培训方式共同优化。通用AERIS框架可以在具有不同骨架的各种主流对象检测架构上实现。广泛的实验表明,与现有方法相比,我们的方法在面对变化降解情况时取得了卓越的性能。代码将在https://github.com/cuiziteng/eccv_aeris上发布。
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Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based image super-resolution (SR) has exhibited impressive success on known degraded low-resolution (LR) images. However, this type of approach is hard to hold its performance in practical scenarios when the degradation process is unknown. Despite existing blind SR methods proposed to solve this problem using blur kernel estimation, the perceptual quality and reconstruction accuracy are still unsatisfactory. In this paper, we analyze the degradation of a high-resolution (HR) image from image intrinsic components according to a degradation-based formulation model. We propose a components decomposition and co-optimization network (CDCN) for blind SR. Firstly, CDCN decomposes the input LR image into structure and detail components in feature space. Then, the mutual collaboration block (MCB) is presented to exploit the relationship between both two components. In this way, the detail component can provide informative features to enrich the structural context and the structure component can carry structural context for better detail revealing via a mutual complementary manner. After that, we present a degradation-driven learning strategy to jointly supervise the HR image detail and structure restoration process. Finally, a multi-scale fusion module followed by an upsampling layer is designed to fuse the structure and detail features and perform SR reconstruction. Empowered by such degradation-based components decomposition, collaboration, and mutual optimization, we can bridge the correlation between component learning and degradation modelling for blind SR, thereby producing SR results with more accurate textures. Extensive experiments on both synthetic SR datasets and real-world images show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance compared to existing methods.
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盲级超分辨率(SR)旨在从低分辨率(LR)图像中恢复高质量的视觉纹理,通常通过下采样模糊内核和添加剂噪声来降解。由于现实世界中复杂的图像降解的挑战,此任务非常困难。现有的SR方法要么假定预定义的模糊内核或固定噪声,这限制了这些方法在具有挑战性的情况下。在本文中,我们提出了一个用于盲目超级分辨率(DMSR)的降解引导的元修复网络,该网络促进了真实病例的图像恢复。 DMSR由降解提取器和元修复模块组成。萃取器估计LR输入中的降解,并指导元恢复模块以预测恢复参数的恢复参数。 DMSR通过新颖的降解一致性损失和重建损失共同优化。通过这样的优化,DMSR在三个广泛使用的基准上以很大的边距优于SOTA。一项包括16个受试者的用户研究进一步验证了现实世界中的盲目SR任务中DMSR的优势。
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Existing convolutional neural networks (CNN) based image super-resolution (SR) methods have achieved impressive performance on bicubic kernel, which is not valid to handle unknown degradations in real-world applications. Recent blind SR methods suggest to reconstruct SR images relying on blur kernel estimation. However, their results still remain visible artifacts and detail distortion due to the estimation errors. To alleviate these problems, in this paper, we propose an effective and kernel-free network, namely DSSR, which enables recurrent detail-structure alternative optimization without blur kernel prior incorporation for blind SR. Specifically, in our DSSR, a detail-structure modulation module (DSMM) is built to exploit the interaction and collaboration of image details and structures. The DSMM consists of two components: a detail restoration unit (DRU) and a structure modulation unit (SMU). The former aims at regressing the intermediate HR detail reconstruction from LR structural contexts, and the latter performs structural contexts modulation conditioned on the learned detail maps at both HR and LR spaces. Besides, we use the output of DSMM as the hidden state and design our DSSR architecture from a recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) view. In this way, the network can alternatively optimize the image details and structural contexts, achieving co-optimization across time. Moreover, equipped with the recurrent connection, our DSSR allows low- and high-level feature representations complementary by observing previous HR details and contexts at every unrolling time. Extensive experiments on synthetic datasets and real-world images demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art against existing methods. The source code can be found at https://github.com/Arcananana/DSSR.
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突发超级分辨率(SR)提供了从低质量图像恢复丰富细节的可能性。然而,由于实际应用中的低分辨率(LR)图像具有多种复杂和未知的降级,所以现有的非盲(例如,双臂)设计的网络通常导致恢复高分辨率(HR)图像的严重性能下降。此外,处理多重未对准的嘈杂的原始输入也是具有挑战性的。在本文中,我们解决了从现代手持设备获取的原始突发序列重建HR图像的问题。中央观点是一个内核引导策略,可以用两个步骤解决突发SR:内核建模和HR恢复。前者估计来自原始输入的突发内核,而后者基于估计的内核预测超分辨图像。此外,我们引入了内核感知可变形对准模块,其可以通过考虑模糊的前沿而有效地对准原始图像。对综合和现实世界数据集的广泛实验表明,所提出的方法可以在爆发SR问题中对最先进的性能进行。
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尽管目前基于深度学习的方法在盲目的单图像超分辨率(SISR)任务中已获得了有希望的表现,但其中大多数主要集中在启发式上构建多样化的网络体系结构,并更少强调对Blur之间的物理发电机制的明确嵌入内核和高分辨率(HR)图像。为了减轻这个问题,我们提出了一个模型驱动的深神经网络,称为blind SISR。具体而言,为了解决经典的SISR模型,我们提出了一种简单的效果迭代算法。然后,通过将所涉及的迭代步骤展开到相应的网络模块中,我们自然构建了KXNET。所提出的KXNET的主要特异性是整个学习过程与此SISR任务的固有物理机制完全合理地集成在一起。因此,学习的模糊内核具有清晰的物理模式,并且模糊内核和HR图像之间的相互迭代过程可以很好地指导KXNET沿正确的方向发展。关于合成和真实数据的广泛实验很好地证明了我们方法的卓越准确性和一般性超出了当前代表性的最先进的盲目SISR方法。代码可在:\ url {https://github.com/jiahong-fu/kxnet}中获得。
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Real-world image super-resolution (RISR) has received increased focus for improving the quality of SR images under unknown complex degradation. Existing methods rely on the heavy SR models to enhance low-resolution (LR) images of different degradation levels, which significantly restricts their practical deployments on resource-limited devices. In this paper, we propose a novel Dynamic Channel Splitting scheme for efficient Real-world Image Super-Resolution, termed DCS-RISR. Specifically, we first introduce the light degradation prediction network to regress the degradation vector to simulate the real-world degradations, upon which the channel splitting vector is generated as the input for an efficient SR model. Then, a learnable octave convolution block is proposed to adaptively decide the channel splitting scale for low- and high-frequency features at each block, reducing computation overhead and memory cost by offering the large scale to low-frequency features and the small scale to the high ones. To further improve the RISR performance, Non-local regularization is employed to supplement the knowledge of patches from LR and HR subspace with free-computation inference. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of DCS-RISR on different benchmark datasets. Our DCS-RISR not only achieves the best trade-off between computation/parameter and PSNR/SSIM metric, and also effectively handles real-world images with different degradation levels.
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虽然单图像超分辨率(SISR)方法在单次降级方面取得了巨大成功,但它们仍然在实际情况下具有多重降低效果的性能下降。最近,已经探索了一些盲人和非盲模范,已经探讨了多重降级。然而,这些方法通常在训练和测试数据之间的分布换档方面显着降低。为此,我们第一次提出了一个条件元网络框架(命名CMDSR),这有助于SR框架了解如何适应输入分布的变化。我们使用所提出的ConditionNet在任务级别提取劣化,该条件将用于调整基本SR网络(BaseNet)的参数。具体而言,我们的框架的ConditionNet首先从支撑集中学习劣化,该支持集由来自相同任务的一系列劣化图像补丁组成。然后,Adaptive BaseNet根据条件特征迅速移动其参数。此外,为了更好地提取劣化,我们提出了一个任务对比损失,以减少内部任务距离,并增加任务级别功能之间的交叉任务距离。在没有预定义的降级地图,我们的盲框可以进行一个参数更新,以产生相当大的SR结果。广泛的实验证明了CMDSR在各种盲,甚至是非盲方法上的有效性。柔性基座结构还揭示了CMDSR可以是大系列SISR模型的一般框架。
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在本文中,我们为RSI(名为Superyolo)提出了一种准确而快速的小对象检测方法,该方法融合了多模式数据并通过利用辅助超级分辨率(SR)学习并考虑既有辅助的超级分辨率(SR)对象进行高分辨率(HR)对象检测检测准确性和计算成本。首先,我们通过删除焦点模块来保持人力资源特征并显着克服小物体缺失的误差来构建紧凑的基线。其次,我们利用像素级的多模式融合(MF)从各种数据中提取信息,以促进RSI中的小物体更合适和有效的功能。此外,我们设计了一个简单且灵活的SR分支来学习HR特征表示,可以区分具有低分辨率(LR)输入的庞大背景的小物体,从而进一步提高了检测准确性。此外,为避免引入其他计算,SR分支在推理阶段被丢弃,并且由于LR输入而减少了网络模型的计算。实验结果表明,在广泛使用的Vedai RS数据集上,Superyolo的精度为73.61%(在MAP50方面),比SOTA大型模型(例如Yolov5L,Yolov5X和RS设计的Yolors)高10%以上。同时,Superyolo的Gfolps和参数大小比Yolov5X少约18.1倍,4.2倍。我们提出的模型显示出与最新模型相比,具有良好的准确性速度权衡。该代码将在https://github.com/icey-zhang/superyolo上开放。
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Face Restoration (FR) aims to restore High-Quality (HQ) faces from Low-Quality (LQ) input images, which is a domain-specific image restoration problem in the low-level computer vision area. The early face restoration methods mainly use statistic priors and degradation models, which are difficult to meet the requirements of real-world applications in practice. In recent years, face restoration has witnessed great progress after stepping into the deep learning era. However, there are few works to study deep learning-based face restoration methods systematically. Thus, this paper comprehensively surveys recent advances in deep learning techniques for face restoration. Specifically, we first summarize different problem formulations and analyze the characteristic of the face image. Second, we discuss the challenges of face restoration. Concerning these challenges, we present a comprehensive review of existing FR methods, including prior based methods and deep learning-based methods. Then, we explore developed techniques in the task of FR covering network architectures, loss functions, and benchmark datasets. We also conduct a systematic benchmark evaluation on representative methods. Finally, we discuss future directions, including network designs, metrics, benchmark datasets, applications,etc. We also provide an open-source repository for all the discussed methods, which is available at https://github.com/TaoWangzj/Awesome-Face-Restoration.
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超级分辨率(SR)是低级视觉区域的基本和代表任务。通常认为,从SR网络中提取的特征没有特定的语义信息,并且网络只能从输入到输出中学习复杂的非线性映射。我们可以在SR网络中找到任何“语义”吗?在本文中,我们为此问题提供了肯定的答案。通过分析具有维度降低和可视化的特征表示,我们成功地发现了SR网络中的深度语义表示,\ Texit {i.},深度劣化表示(DDR),其与图像劣化类型和度数相关。我们还揭示了分类和SR网络之间的表示语义的差异。通过广泛的实验和分析,我们得出一系列观测和结论,对未来的工作具有重要意义,例如解释低级CNN网络的内在机制以及开发盲人SR的新评估方法。
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基于CNN的大多数超分辨率(SR)方法假设降解是已知的(\ eg,bicubic)。当降解与假设不同时,这些方法将遭受严重的性能下降。因此,一些方法试图通过多种降解的复杂组合来培训SR网络,以涵盖实际的降解空间。为了适应多个未知降解,引入显式降解估计器实际上可以促进SR性能。然而,以前的显式降解估计方法通常可以通过对地面模糊内核的监督来预测高斯的模糊,并且估计错误可能导致SR失败。因此,有必要设计一种可以提取隐式歧视性降解表示的方法。为此,我们提出了一个基于元学习的区域退化意识SR网络(MRDA),包括元学习网络(MLN),降级提取网络(DEN)和区域退化意识SR Network(RDAN)。为了处理缺乏地面污染的降解,我们使用MLN在几次迭代后快速适应特定的复合物降解并提取隐式降解信息。随后,教师网络MRDA $ _ {T} $旨在进一步利用MLN为SR提取的降解信息。但是,MLN需要在配对的低分辨率(LR)和相应的高分辨率(HR)图像上进行迭代,这在推理阶段不可用。因此,我们采用知识蒸馏(KD)来使学生网络学会直接提取与LR图像的老师相同的隐式退化表示(IDR)。
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现实世界图像超分辨率(SR)的关键挑战是在低分辨率(LR)图像中恢复具有复杂未知降解(例如,下采样,噪声和压缩)的缺失细节。大多数以前的作品还原图像空间中的此类缺失细节。为了应对自然图像的高度多样性,他们要么依靠难以训练和容易训练和伪影的不稳定的甘体,要么诉诸于通常不可用的高分辨率(HR)图像中的明确参考。在这项工作中,我们提出了匹配SR(FEMASR)的功能,该功能在更紧凑的特征空间中恢复了现实的HR图像。与图像空间方法不同,我们的FEMASR通过将扭曲的LR图像{\ IT特征}与我们预读的HR先验中的无失真性HR对应物匹配来恢复HR图像,并解码匹配的功能以获得现实的HR图像。具体而言,我们的人力资源先验包含一个离散的特征代码簿及其相关的解码器,它们在使用量化的生成对抗网络(VQGAN)的HR图像上预估计。值得注意的是,我们在VQGAN中结合了一种新型的语义正则化,以提高重建图像的质量。对于功能匹配,我们首先提取由LR编码器组成的LR编码器的LR功能,然后遵循简单的最近邻居策略,将其与预读的代码簿匹配。特别是,我们为LR编码器配备了与解码器的残留快捷方式连接,这对于优化功能匹配损耗至关重要,还有助于补充可能的功能匹配错误。实验结果表明,我们的方法比以前的方法产生更现实的HR图像。代码以\ url {https://github.com/chaofengc/femasr}发布。
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图像超分辨率(SR)是重要的图像处理方法之一,可改善计算机视野领域的图像分辨率。在过去的二十年中,在超级分辨率领域取得了重大进展,尤其是通过使用深度学习方法。这项调查是为了在深度学习的角度进行详细的调查,对单像超分辨率的最新进展进行详细的调查,同时还将告知图像超分辨率的初始经典方法。该调查将图像SR方法分类为四个类别,即经典方法,基于学习的方法,无监督学习的方法和特定领域的SR方法。我们还介绍了SR的问题,以提供有关图像质量指标,可用参考数据集和SR挑战的直觉。使用参考数据集评估基于深度学习的方法。一些审查的最先进的图像SR方法包括增强的深SR网络(EDSR),周期循环gan(Cincgan),多尺度残留网络(MSRN),Meta残留密度网络(META-RDN) ,反复反射网络(RBPN),二阶注意网络(SAN),SR反馈网络(SRFBN)和基于小波的残留注意网络(WRAN)。最后,这项调查以研究人员将解决SR的未来方向和趋势和开放问题的未来方向和趋势。
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Blind image super-resolution (Blind-SR) aims to recover a high-resolution (HR) image from its corresponding low-resolution (LR) input image with unknown degradations. Most of the existing works design an explicit degradation estimator for each degradation to guide SR. However, it is infeasible to provide concrete labels of multiple degradation combinations (\eg, blur, noise, jpeg compression) to supervise the degradation estimator training. In addition, these special designs for certain degradation, such as blur, impedes the models from being generalized to handle different degradations. To this end, it is necessary to design an implicit degradation estimator that can extract discriminative degradation representation for all degradations without relying on the supervision of degradation ground-truth. In this paper, we propose a Knowledge Distillation based Blind-SR network (KDSR). It consists of a knowledge distillation based implicit degradation estimator network (KD-IDE) and an efficient SR network. To learn the KDSR model, we first train a teacher network: KD-IDE$_{T}$. It takes paired HR and LR patches as inputs and is optimized with the SR network jointly. Then, we further train a student network KD-IDE$_{S}$, which only takes LR images as input and learns to extract the same implicit degradation representation (IDR) as KD-IDE$_{T}$. In addition, to fully use extracted IDR, we design a simple, strong, and efficient IDR based dynamic convolution residual block (IDR-DCRB) to build an SR network. We conduct extensive experiments under classic and real-world degradation settings. The results show that KDSR achieves SOTA performance and can generalize to various degradation processes. The source codes and pre-trained models will be released.
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近年来,在光场(LF)图像超分辨率(SR)中,深度神经网络(DNN)的巨大进展。但是,现有的基于DNN的LF图像SR方法是在单个固定降解(例如,双学的下采样)上开发的,因此不能应用于具有不同降解的超级溶解实际LF图像。在本文中,我们提出了第一种处理具有多个降解的LF图像SR的方法。在我们的方法中,开发了一个实用的LF降解模型,以近似于真实LF图像的降解过程。然后,降解自适应网络(LF-DANET)旨在将降解之前纳入SR过程。通过对具有多种合成降解的LF图像进行训练,我们的方法可以学会适应不同的降解,同时结合了空间和角度信息。对合成降解和现实世界LFS的广泛实验证明了我们方法的有效性。与现有的最新单一和LF图像SR方法相比,我们的方法在广泛的降解范围内实现了出色的SR性能,并且可以更好地推广到真实的LF图像。代码和模型可在https://github.com/yingqianwang/lf-danet上找到。
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Recent years have witnessed the unprecedented success of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in single image super-resolution (SISR). However, existing CNN-based SISR methods mostly assume that a low-resolution (LR) image is bicubicly downsampled from a high-resolution (HR) image, thus inevitably giving rise to poor performance when the true degradation does not follow this assumption. Moreover, they lack scalability in learning a single model to nonblindly deal with multiple degradations. To address these issues, we propose a general framework with dimensionality stretching strategy that enables a single convolutional super-resolution network to take two key factors of the SISR degradation process, i.e., blur kernel and noise level, as input. Consequently, the super-resolver can handle multiple and even spatially variant degradations, which significantly improves the practicability. Extensive experimental results on synthetic and real LR images show that the proposed convolutional super-resolution network not only can produce favorable results on multiple degradations but also is computationally efficient, providing a highly effective and scalable solution to practical SISR applications.
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使用具有固定尺度的图像超分辨率(SR)的深度学习技术,已经取得了巨大的成功。为了提高其现实世界的适用性,还提出了许多模型来恢复具有任意尺度因子的SR图像,包括不对称的图像,其中图像沿水平和垂直方向大小为不同的尺度。尽管大多数模型仅针对单向上升尺度任务进行了优化,同时假设针对低分辨率(LR)输入的预定义的缩小内核,但基于可逆神经网络(INN)的最新模型能够通过优化降低和降低尺度和降低范围的降低准确性来显着提高上升的准确性共同。但是,受创新体系结构的限制,它被限制在固定的整数尺度因素上,并且需要每个量表的一个模型。在不增加模型复杂性的情况下,提出了一个简单有效的可逆重新恢复网络(IARN),以通过在这项工作中仅训练一个模型来实现任意图像重新缩放。使用创新的组件,例如位置感知量表编码和先发制通道拆分,该网络被优化,以将不可固化的重新恢复周期转换为有效的可逆过程。证明它可以在双向任意重新缩放中实现最新的(SOTA)性能,而不会在LR输出中损害感知质量。还可以证明,使用相同的网络体系结构在不对称尺度的测试上表现良好。
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极度依赖于从划痕的模型的降级或优化的降解或优化的迭代估计,现有的盲超分辨率(SR)方法通常是耗时和效率较低,因为退化的估计从盲初始化进行并且缺乏可解释降解前沿。为了解决它,本文提出了一种使用端到端网络的盲SR的过渡学习方法,没有任何额外的推断中的额外迭代,并探讨了未知降级的有效表示。首先,我们分析并证明降解的过渡性作为可解释的先前信息,以间接推断出未知的降解模型,包括广泛使用的添加剂和卷曲降解。然后,我们提出了一种新颖的过渡性学习方法,用于盲目超分辨率(TLSR),通过自适应地推断过渡转换功能来解决未知的降级而没有推断的任何迭代操作。具体地,端到端TLSR网络包括一定程度的过渡性(点)估计网络,同一性特征提取网络和过渡学习模块。对盲人SR任务的定量和定性评估表明,拟议的TLSR实现了优异的性能,并且对最先进的盲人SR方法的复杂性较少。该代码可在github.com/yuanfeihuang/tlsr获得。
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