压缩视频动作识别最近引起了人们的注意,因为它通过用稀疏采样的RGB帧和压缩运动提示(例如运动向量和残差)替换原始视频来大大降低存储和计算成本。但是,这项任务严重遭受了粗糙和嘈杂的动力学以及异质RGB和运动方式的融合不足。为了解决上面的两个问题,本文提出了一个新颖的框架,即具有运动增强的细心跨模式相互作用网络(MEACI-NET)。它遵循两流体系结构,即一个用于RGB模式,另一个用于运动模态。特别是,该运动流采用带有denoising模块的多尺度块来增强表示表示。然后,通过引入选择性运动补充(SMC)和跨模式增强(CMA)模块来加强两条流之间的相互作用,其中SMC与时空上的局部局部运动相互补充,CMA和CMA进一步将两种模态与两种模态相结合。选择性功能增强。对UCF-101,HMDB-51和Kinetics-400基准的广泛实验证明了MEACI-NET的有效性和效率。
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本文介绍了一种基于纯变压器的方法,称为视频动作识别的多模态视频变压器(MM-VIT)。与仅利用解码的RGB帧的其他方案不同,MM-VIT专门在压缩视频域中进行操作,并利用所有容易获得的模式,即I帧,运动向量,残差和音频波形。为了处理从多种方式提取的大量时空令牌,我们开发了几种可扩展的模型变体,它们将自我关注分解在空间,时间和模态尺寸上。此外,为了进一步探索丰富的模态互动及其效果,我们开发并比较了可以无缝集成到变压器构建块中的三种不同的交叉模态注意力机制。关于三个公共行动识别基准的广泛实验(UCF-101,某事-V2,Kinetics-600)证明了MM-VIT以效率和准确性的最先进的视频变压器,并且表现更好或同样地表现出对于具有计算重型光学流的最先进的CNN对应物。
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有效地对视频中的空间信息进行建模对于动作识别至关重要。为了实现这一目标,最先进的方法通常采用卷积操作员和密集的相互作用模块,例如非本地块。但是,这些方法无法准确地符合视频中的各种事件。一方面,采用的卷积是有固定尺度的,因此在各种尺度的事件中挣扎。另一方面,密集的相互作用建模范式仅在动作 - 欧元零件时实现次优性能,给最终预测带来了其他噪音。在本文中,我们提出了一个统一的动作识别框架,以通过引入以下设计来研究视频内容的动态性质。首先,在提取本地提示时,我们会生成动态尺度的时空内核,以适应各种事件。其次,为了将这些线索准确地汇总为全局视频表示形式,我们建议仅通过变压器在一些选定的前景对象之间进行交互,从而产生稀疏的范式。我们将提出的框架称为事件自适应网络(EAN),因为这两个关键设计都适应输入视频内容。为了利用本地细分市场内的短期运动,我们提出了一种新颖有效的潜在运动代码(LMC)模块,进一步改善了框架的性能。在几个大规模视频数据集上进行了广泛的实验,例如,某种东西,动力学和潜水48,验证了我们的模型是否在低拖鞋上实现了最先进或竞争性的表演。代码可在:https://github.com/tianyuan168326/ean-pytorch中找到。
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Temporal modeling is key for action recognition in videos. It normally considers both short-range motions and long-range aggregations. In this paper, we propose a Temporal Excitation and Aggregation (TEA) block, including a motion excitation (ME) module and a multiple temporal aggregation (MTA) module, specifically designed to capture both short-and long-range temporal evolution. In particular, for short-range motion modeling, the ME module calculates the feature-level temporal differences from spatiotemporal features. It then utilizes the differences to excite the motion-sensitive channels of the features. The long-range temporal aggregations in previous works are typically achieved by stacking a large number of local temporal convolutions. Each convolution processes a local temporal window at a time. In contrast, the MTA module proposes to deform the local convolution to a group of subconvolutions, forming a hierarchical residual architecture. Without introducing additional parameters, the features will be processed with a series of sub-convolutions, and each frame could complete multiple temporal aggregations with neighborhoods. The final equivalent receptive field of temporal dimension is accordingly enlarged, which is capable of modeling the long-range temporal relationship over distant frames. The two components of the TEA block are complementary in temporal modeling. Finally, our approach achieves impressive results at low FLOPs on several action recognition benchmarks, such as Kinetics, Something-Something, HMDB51, and UCF101, which confirms its effectiveness and efficiency.
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去耦时尚表示是指将空间和时间特征分解成尺寸无关的因素。尽管以前的基于RGB-D的运动识别方法通过紧密耦合的多模态时空表示来实现了有希望的性能,但由于紧密的时空缠绕的建模,它们仍然在小数据设置下遭受(i)优化困难;(ii)信息冗余通常包含与分类弱相关的大量边际信息; (iii)由晚期融合不足引起的多模态起峰型信息之间的低相互作用。为了缓解这些缺点,我们建议去除并循环基于RGB-D的运动识别的时空表示。具体而言,我们解开了学习时空表示的任务到3个子任务:(1)通过解耦的空间和时间建模网络学习高质量和维度独立特征。 (2)重新汇总解耦表示,以确定更强的时空依赖。 (3)引入跨型自适应后融合(CAPF)机制,用于从RGB-D数据捕获跨模态时空信息。这些新颖设计的无缝组合形成了强大的时空表示,而不是在四个公共运动数据集上的最先进的方法实现了更好的性能。我们的代码可在https://github.com/damo-cv/motionrgbd获得。
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Spatiotemporal and motion features are two complementary and crucial information for video action recognition. Recent state-of-the-art methods adopt a 3D CNN stream to learn spatiotemporal features and another flow stream to learn motion features. In this work, we aim to efficiently encode these two features in a unified 2D framework. To this end, we first propose an STM block, which contains a Channel-wise SpatioTemporal Module (CSTM) to present the spatiotemporal features and a Channel-wise Motion Module (CMM) to efficiently encode motion features. We then replace original residual blocks in the ResNet architecture with STM blcoks to form a simple yet effective STM network by introducing very limited extra computation cost. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed STM network outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both temporal-related datasets (i.e., Something-Something v1 & v2 and Jester) and scene-related datasets (i.e., Kinetics-400, UCF-101, and HMDB-51) with the help of encoding spatiotemporal and motion features together. * The work was done during an internship at SenseTime.
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这项工作侧重于老年人活动认可的任务,这是一个充满挑战的任务,因为在老年活动中的个人行为和人体对象互动存在。因此,我们试图通过专注地融合多模态特征来有效地聚合来自RGB视频和骨架序列的判别信息和与RGB视频和骨架序列的交互。最近,通过利用从挤压和激励网络(Senet)延伸的非线性关注机制来提出一些非线性多模态融合方法。灵感来自于此,我们提出了一种新颖的扩张 - 挤压激励融合网络(ESE-FN),有效地解决了老年活动识别问题,从而了解模态和渠道 - 明智的膨胀 - 挤压(ESE)注意到术语融合模态和通道方面的多模态特征。此外,我们设计了一种新的多模态损耗(ML),以通过在单个模态的最小预测损失与预测损失之间添加差异之间的差异来保持单模特征和融合多模态特征之间的一致性。融合的方式。最后,我们对最大的老年活动数据集进行实验,即ETRI-Activity3D(包括110,000多个视频和50个类别),以证明建议的ESE-FN与状态相比实现了最佳准确性 - 最新方法。此外,更广泛的实验结果表明,所提出的ESE-FN在正常动作识别任务方面也与其他方法相媲美。
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高效的时空建模是视频动作识别的重要而挑战性问题。现有的最先进的方法利用相邻的特征差异,以获得短期时间建模的运动线索,简单的卷积。然而,只有一个本地卷积,由于接收领域有限而无法处理各种动作。此外,摄像机运动带来的动作耳鸣还将损害提取的运动功能的质量。在本文中,我们提出了一个时间显着积分(TSI)块,其主要包含突出运动激励(SME)模块和交叉感知时间集成(CTI)模块。具体地,中小企业旨在通过空间级局部 - 全局运动建模突出显示运动敏感区域,其中显着对准和金字塔型运动建模在相邻帧之间连续进行,以捕获由未对准背景引起的噪声较少的运动动态。 CTI旨在分别通过一组单独的1D卷积进行多感知时间建模。同时,不同看法的时间相互作用与注意机制相结合。通过这两个模块,通过引入有限的附加参数,可以有效地编码长短的短期时间关系。在几个流行的基准测试中进行了广泛的实验(即,某种东西 - 某种东西 - 东西 - 400,uCF-101和HMDB-51),这证明了我们所提出的方法的有效性。
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Sign language recognition (SLR) aims to overcome the communication barrier for the people with deafness or the people with hard hearing. Most existing approaches can be typically divided into two lines, i.e., Skeleton-based and RGB-based methods, but both the two lines of methods have their limitations. RGB-based approaches usually overlook the fine-grained hand structure, while Skeleton-based methods do not take the facial expression into account. In attempts to address both limitations, we propose a new framework named Spatial-temporal Part-aware network (StepNet), based on RGB parts. As the name implies, StepNet consists of two modules: Part-level Spatial Modeling and Part-level Temporal Modeling. Particularly, without using any keypoint-level annotations, Part-level Spatial Modeling implicitly captures the appearance-based properties, such as hands and faces, in the feature space. On the other hand, Part-level Temporal Modeling captures the pertinent properties over time by implicitly mining the long-short term context. Extensive experiments show that our StepNet, thanks to Spatial-temporal modules, achieves competitive Top-1 Per-instance accuracy on three widely-used SLR benchmarks, i.e., 56.89% on WLASL, 77.2% on NMFs-CSL, and 77.1% on BOBSL. Moreover, the proposed method is compatible with the optical flow input, and can yield higher performance if fused. We hope that this work can serve as a preliminary step for the people with deafness.
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由于细粒度的视觉细节中的运动和丰富内容的大变化,视频是复杂的。从这些信息密集型媒体中抽象有用的信息需要详尽的计算资源。本文研究了一个两步的替代方案,首先将视频序列冷凝到信息“框架”,然后在合成帧上利用现成的图像识别系统。有效问题是如何定义“有用信息”,然后将其从视频序列蒸发到一个合成帧。本文介绍了一种新颖的信息帧综合(IFS)架构,其包含三个客观任务,即外观重建,视频分类,运动估计和两个常规方案,即对抗性学习,颜色一致性。每个任务都配备了一个能力的合成框,而每个常规器可以提高其视觉质量。利用这些,通过以端到端的方式共同学习帧合成,预期产生的帧封装了用于视频分析的所需的时空信息。广泛的实验是在大型动力学数据集上进行的。与基线方法相比,将视频序列映射到单个图像,IFS显示出优异的性能。更值得注意地,IFS始终如一地展示了基于图像的2D网络和基于剪辑的3D网络的显着改进,并且通过了具有较少计算成本的最先进方法实现了相当的性能。
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引用视频对象细分旨在分割给定语言表达式所引用的对象。现有作品通常需要压缩视频bitstream在分割之前将其解码为RGB帧,从而增加了计算和存储要求,并最终减慢了推断。这可能会妨碍其在现实世界计算资源有限的场景中的应用,例如自动驾驶汽车和无人机。为了减轻此问题,在本文中,我们探讨了压缩视频的引用对象细分任务,即原始视频数据流。除了视频引用对象分割任务本身的固有难度外,从压缩视频中获得歧视性表示也很具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个多发网络,该网络由双路线双注意模块和一个基于查询的跨模式变压器模块组成。具体而言,双路线双意见模块旨在从三种模态的压缩数据中提取有效表示,即i框架,运动矢量和残留。基于查询的跨模式变压器首先对语言和视觉方式之间的相关性进行建模,然后使用融合的多模式特征来指导对象查询以生成内容感知的动态内核并预测最终的分割掩码。与以前的作品不同,我们建议只学习一个内核,因此,它可以删除现有方法的复杂后掩模匹配程序。在三个具有挑战性的数据集上进行的广泛有希望的实验结果表明,与几种用于处理RGB数据的最新方法相比,我们的方法的有效性。源代码可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/dexianghong/manet。
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Deep convolutional networks have achieved great success for visual recognition in still images. However, for action recognition in videos, the advantage over traditional methods is not so evident. This paper aims to discover the principles to design effective ConvNet architectures for action recognition in videos and learn these models given limited training samples. Our first contribution is temporal segment network (TSN), a novel framework for video-based action recognition. which is based on the idea of long-range temporal structure modeling. It combines a sparse temporal sampling strategy and video-level supervision to enable efficient and effective learning using the whole action video. The other contribution is our study on a series of good practices in learning ConvNets on video data with the help of temporal segment network. Our approach obtains the state-the-of-art performance on the datasets of HMDB51 (69.4%) and UCF101 (94.2%). We also visualize the learned ConvNet models, which qualitatively demonstrates the effectiveness of temporal segment network and the proposed good practices. 1
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在视频数据中,来自移动区域的忙碌运动细节在频域中的特定频率带宽内传送。同时,视频数据的其余频率是用具有实质冗余的安静信息编码,这导致现有视频模型中的低处理效率作为输入原始RGB帧。在本文中,我们考虑为处理重要忙碌信息的处理和对安静信息的计算的处理分配。我们设计可训练的运动带通量模块(MBPM),用于将繁忙信息从RAW视频数据中的安静信息分开。通过将MBPM嵌入到两个路径CNN架构中,我们定义了一个繁忙的网络(BQN)。 BQN的效率是通过避免由两个路径处理的特征空间中的冗余来确定:一个在低分辨率的安静特征上运行,而另一个处理繁忙功能。所提出的BQN在某物V1,Kinetics400,UCF101和HMDB51数据集中略高于最近最近的视频处理模型。
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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been regarded as a powerful class of models for image recognition problems. Nevertheless, it is not trivial when utilizing a CNN for learning spatio-temporal video representation. A few studies have shown that performing 3D convolutions is a rewarding approach to capture both spatial and temporal dimensions in videos. However, the development of a very deep 3D CNN from scratch results in expensive computational cost and memory demand. A valid question is why not recycle off-the-shelf 2D networks for a 3D CNN. In this paper, we devise multiple variants of bottleneck building blocks in a residual learning framework by simulating 3 × 3 × 3 convolutions with 1 × 3 × 3 convolutional filters on spatial domain (equivalent to 2D CNN) plus 3 × 1 × 1 convolutions to construct temporal connections on adjacent feature maps in time. Furthermore, we propose a new architecture, named , that exploits all the variants of blocks but composes each in different placement of ResNet, following the philosophy that enhancing structural diversity with going deep could improve the power of neural networks. Our P3D ResNet achieves clear improvements on Sports-1M video classification dataset against 3D CNN and frame-based 2D CNN by 5.3% and 1.8%, respectively. We further examine the generalization performance of video representation produced by our pre-trained P3D ResNet on five different benchmarks and three different tasks, demonstrating superior performances over several state-of-the-art techniques.
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In this paper, we develop an efficient multi-scale network to predict action classes in partial videos in an end-to-end manner. Unlike most existing methods with offline feature generation, our method directly takes frames as input and further models motion evolution on two different temporal scales.Therefore, we solve the complexity problems of the two stages of modeling and the problem of insufficient temporal and spatial information of a single scale. Our proposed End-to-End MultiScale Network (E2EMSNet) is composed of two scales which are named segment scale and observed global scale. The segment scale leverages temporal difference over consecutive frames for finer motion patterns by supplying 2D convolutions. For observed global scale, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is incorporated to capture motion features of observed frames. Our model provides a simple and efficient modeling framework with a small computational cost. Our E2EMSNet is evaluated on three challenging datasets: BIT, HMDB51, and UCF101. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for action prediction in videos.
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In this paper we discuss several forms of spatiotemporal convolutions for video analysis and study their effects on action recognition. Our motivation stems from the observation that 2D CNNs applied to individual frames of the video have remained solid performers in action recognition. In this work we empirically demonstrate the accuracy advantages of 3D CNNs over 2D CNNs within the framework of residual learning. Furthermore, we show that factorizing the 3D convolutional filters into separate spatial and temporal components yields significantly gains in accuracy. Our empirical study leads to the design of a new spatiotemporal convolutional block "R(2+1)D" which produces CNNs that achieve results comparable or superior to the state-of-theart on Sports-1M, Kinetics, UCF101, and HMDB51.
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人类相互作用的分析是人类运动分析的一个重要研究主题。它已经使用第一人称视觉(FPV)或第三人称视觉(TPV)进行了研究。但是,到目前为止,两种视野的联合学习几乎没有引起关注。原因之一是缺乏涵盖FPV和TPV的合适数据集。此外,FPV或TPV的现有基准数据集具有多个限制,包括样本数量有限,参与者,交互类别和模态。在这项工作中,我们贡献了一个大规模的人类交互数据集,即FT-HID数据集。 FT-HID包含第一人称和第三人称愿景的成对对齐的样本。该数据集是从109个不同受试者中收集的,并具有三种模式的90K样品。该数据集已通过使用几种现有的动作识别方法验证。此外,我们还引入了一种新型的骨骼序列的多视图交互机制,以及针对第一人称和第三人称视野的联合学习多流框架。两种方法都在FT-HID数据集上产生有希望的结果。可以预期,这一视力一致的大规模数据集的引入将促进FPV和TPV的发展,以及他们用于人类行动分析的联合学习技术。该数据集和代码可在\ href {https://github.com/endlichere/ft-hid} {here} {herefichub.com/endlichere.com/endlichere}中获得。
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We propose a simple, yet effective approach for spatiotemporal feature learning using deep 3-dimensional convolutional networks (3D ConvNets) trained on a large scale supervised video dataset. Our findings are three-fold: 1) 3D ConvNets are more suitable for spatiotemporal feature learning compared to 2D ConvNets; 2) A homogeneous architecture with small 3 × 3 × 3 convolution kernels in all layers is among the best performing architectures for 3D ConvNets; and 3) Our learned features, namely C3D (Convolutional 3D), with a simple linear classifier outperform state-of-the-art methods on 4 different benchmarks and are comparable with current best methods on the other 2 benchmarks. In addition, the features are compact: achieving 52.8% accuracy on UCF101 dataset with only 10 dimensions and also very efficient to compute due to the fast inference of ConvNets. Finally, they are conceptually very simple and easy to train and use.
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对比学习在视频表示学习中表现出了巨大的潜力。但是,现有方法无法充分利用短期运动动态,这对于各种下游视频理解任务至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了运动敏感的对比度学习(MSCL),该学习将光学流捕获的运动信息注入RGB帧中,以增强功能学习。为了实现这一目标,除了剪辑级全球对比度学习外,我们还开发了局部运动对比度学习(LMCL),具有两种模式的框架级对比目标。此外,我们引入流动旋转增强(FRA),以生成额外的运动除件负面样品和运动差分采样(MDS)以准确筛选训练样品。对标准基准测试的广泛实验验证了该方法的有效性。以常用的3D RESNET-18为骨干,我们在UCF101上获得了91.5 \%的前1个精度,而在视频分类中进行了一些v2的v2,以及65.6 \%的top-1 top-1召回ucf1011对于视频检索,特别是改善了最新的。
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最近,基于CNN的RGB-D显着对象检测(SOD)在检测准确性方面取得了显着提高。但是,现有模型通常在效率和准确性方面表现良好。这阻碍了他们在移动设备以及许多实际问题上的潜在应用。在本文中,为了弥合RGB-D SOD的轻质和大型模型之间的准确性差距,一个有效的模块可以极大地提高准确性,但提出了很少的计算。受深度质量是影响准确性的关键因素的启发,我们提出了有效的深度质量启发的功能操纵(DQFM)过程,该过程可以根据深度质量动态滤波深度特征。提出的DQFM求助于低级RGB和深度特征的对齐,以及深度流的整体注意力,以明确控制和增强交叉模式融合。我们嵌入了DQFM,以获得一个称为DFM-NET的有效的轻质RGB-D SOD模型,此外,我们还设计了一个定制的深度骨架和两阶段解码器作为基本零件。 9个RGB-D数据集的广泛实验结果表明,我们的DFM-NET优于最近的有效型号,在CPU上以约20 fps的速度运行,仅8.5mb型号大小,同时快2.9/2.4倍,比6.7/3.1倍,小于6.7/3.1倍最新的最佳型号A2DELE和手机。与非效率模型相比,它还保持最先进的准确性。有趣的是,进一步的统计数据和分析验证了DQFM在没有任何质量标签的各种品质的深度图中的能力。最后但并非最不重要的一点是,我们进一步应用DFM-NET来处理视频SOD(VSOD),与最近的有效模型相比,相当的性能,而比该领域的先前最佳状态的速度/2.3倍/小2.3倍。我们的代码可在https://github.com/zwbx/dfm-net上找到。
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