3D场景从点云层的理解对各种机器人应用起着重要作用。遗憾的是,目前的最先进的方法使用单独的神经网络进行对象检测或房间布局估计等不同任务。这种方案具有两个限制:1)存储和运行多个网络以用于不同任务的网络对于典型的机器人平台昂贵。 2)忽略单独输出的内在结构,潜在地侵犯。为此,我们使用点云输入提出了第一变压器架构,其同时预测3D对象和布局。与估计布局关键点或边缘的现有方法不同,我们将单独参数化为一组四边形。因此,所提出的架构被称为p(oint)q(UAD)-Transformer。除了新颖的四边形表示之外,我们提出了一种量身定制的物理约束损失功能,阻碍对象布局干扰。公共基准SCANNet上的定量和定性评估表明,所提出的PQ变换器成功地共同解析了3D对象和布局,以准实时(8.91 FPS)速率运行而无需效率为导向的优化。此外,新的物理限制损失可以改善强力基线,房间布局的F1分数明显促进了37.9%至57.9%。
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Current 3D object detection methods are heavily influenced by 2D detectors. In order to leverage architectures in 2D detectors, they often convert 3D point clouds to regular grids (i.e., to voxel grids or to bird's eye view images), or rely on detection in 2D images to propose 3D boxes. Few works have attempted to directly detect objects in point clouds. In this work, we return to first principles to construct a 3D detection pipeline for point cloud data and as generic as possible. However, due to the sparse nature of the data -samples from 2D manifolds in 3D space -we face a major challenge when directly predicting bounding box parameters from scene points: a 3D object centroid can be far from any surface point thus hard to regress accurately in one step. To address the challenge, we propose VoteNet, an end-to-end 3D object detection network based on a synergy of deep point set networks and Hough voting. Our model achieves state-of-the-art 3D detection on two large datasets of real 3D scans, ScanNet and SUN RGB-D with a simple design, compact model size and high efficiency. Remarkably, VoteNet outperforms previous methods by using purely geometric information without relying on color images.
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In this work, we study 3D object detection from RGB-D data in both indoor and outdoor scenes. While previous methods focus on images or 3D voxels, often obscuring natural 3D patterns and invariances of 3D data, we directly operate on raw point clouds by popping up RGB-D scans. However, a key challenge of this approach is how to efficiently localize objects in point clouds of large-scale scenes (region proposal). Instead of solely relying on 3D proposals, our method leverages both mature 2D object detectors and advanced 3D deep learning for object localization, achieving efficiency as well as high recall for even small objects. Benefited from learning directly in raw point clouds, our method is also able to precisely estimate 3D bounding boxes even under strong occlusion or with very sparse points. Evaluated on KITTI and SUN RGB-D 3D detection benchmarks, our method outperforms the state of the art by remarkable margins while having real-time capability. * Majority of the work done as an intern at Nuro, Inc. depth to point cloud 2D region (from CNN) to 3D frustum 3D box (from PointNet)
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In this paper, we propose PointRCNN for 3D object detection from raw point cloud. The whole framework is composed of two stages: stage-1 for the bottom-up 3D proposal generation and stage-2 for refining proposals in the canonical coordinates to obtain the final detection results. Instead of generating proposals from RGB image or projecting point cloud to bird's view or voxels as previous methods do, our stage-1 sub-network directly generates a small number of high-quality 3D proposals from point cloud in a bottom-up manner via segmenting the point cloud of the whole scene into foreground points and background. The stage-2 sub-network transforms the pooled points of each proposal to canonical coordinates to learn better local spatial features, which is combined with global semantic features of each point learned in stage-1 for accurate box refinement and confidence prediction. Extensive experiments on the 3D detection benchmark of KITTI dataset show that our proposed architecture outperforms state-of-the-art methods with remarkable margins by using only point cloud as input. The code is available at https://github.com/sshaoshuai/PointRCNN.
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We introduce Similarity Group Proposal Network (SGPN), a simple and intuitive deep learning framework for 3D object instance segmentation on point clouds. SGPN uses a single network to predict point grouping proposals and a corresponding semantic class for each proposal, from which we can directly extract instance segmentation results. Important to the effectiveness of SGPN is its novel representation of 3D instance segmentation results in the form of a similarity matrix that indicates the similarity between each pair of points in embedded feature space, thus producing an accurate grouping proposal for each point. Experimental results on various 3D scenes show the effectiveness of our method on 3D instance segmentation, and we also evaluate the capability of SGPN to improve 3D object detection and semantic segmentation results. We also demonstrate its flexibility by seamlessly incorporating 2D CNN features into the framework to boost performance.
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We address 2D floorplan reconstruction from 3D scans. Existing approaches typically employ heuristically designed multi-stage pipelines. Instead, we formulate floorplan reconstruction as a single-stage structured prediction task: find a variable-size set of polygons, which in turn are variable-length sequences of ordered vertices. To solve it we develop a novel Transformer architecture that generates polygons of multiple rooms in parallel, in a holistic manner without hand-crafted intermediate stages. The model features two-level queries for polygons and corners, and includes polygon matching to make the network end-to-end trainable. Our method achieves a new state-of-the-art for two challenging datasets, Structured3D and SceneCAD, along with significantly faster inference than previous methods. Moreover, it can readily be extended to predict additional information, i.e., semantic room types and architectural elements like doors and windows. Our code and models will be available at: https://github.com/ywyue/RoomFormer.
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最近,机器人和增强现实中的有希望的应用引起了从点云中的3D对象检测引起了相当大的关注。在本文中,我们展示了FCAF3D - 一流的全卷积锚无室内3D对象检测方法。它是一种简单而有效的方法,使用点云的体素表示,并处理具有稀疏卷曲的体素。 FCAF3D可以通过单个完全卷积前馈通量来处理具有最小运行时的大规模场景。现有的3D对象检测方法在对象的几何形状上进行现有假设,我们认为它限制了它们的泛化能力。为了摆脱任何先前的假设,我们提出了一种以纯粹的数据驱动方式获得更好的结果的导向边界框的新颖参数化。该方法在Scannet V2(+4.5),Sun RGB-D(+3.5)和S3DIS(+20.5)数据集上实现了最先进的3D对象检测结果。代码和模型可在https://github.com/samsunglabs/fcaf3d中获得。
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捕获不规则点云的局部和全局特征对于3D对象检测(3OD)至关重要。但是,主流3D探测器,例如,投票机及其变体,要么放弃池操作过程中的大量本地功能,要么忽略整个场景中的许多全球功能。本文探讨了新的模块,以同时学习积极服务3OD的场景点云的局部全球特征。为此,我们通过同时局部全球特征学习(称为3DLG-detector)提出了一个有效的3OD网络。 3DLG检测器有两个关键贡献。首先,它会开发一个动态点交互(DPI)模块,该模块可在合并过程中保留有效的本地特征。此外,DPI是可拆卸的,可以将其合并到现有的3OD网络中以提高其性能。其次,它开发了一个全局上下文聚合模块,以汇总编码器不同层的多尺度特征,以实现场景上下文意识。我们的方法在SUN RGB-D和扫描仪数据集的检测准确性和鲁棒性方面显示了13个竞争对手的进步。源代码将在出版物时提供。
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现有的基于深度学习的3D对象检测器通常依赖于单个对象的外观,并且不明确注意场景的丰富上下文信息。在这项工作中,我们为3D对象检测(CMR3D)框架提出了上下文化的多阶段完善,该框架将3D场景作为输入,并努力在多个级别上明确整合场景的有用上下文信息,以预测一组对象界限盒以及它们相应的语义标签。为此,我们建议利用一个上下文增强网络,该网络在不同级别的粒度级别上捕获上下文信息,然后是多阶段修补模块,以逐步完善框位置和类预测。大规模ScannETV2基准测试的广泛实验揭示了我们提出的方法的好处,从而使基线的绝对提高了2.0%。除3D对象检测外,我们还研究了CMR3D框架在3D对象计数问题上的有效性。我们的源代码将公开发布。
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当前的3D分割方法很大程度上依赖于大规模的点状数据集,众所周知,这些数据集众所周知。很少有尝试规避需要每点注释的需求。在这项工作中,我们研究了弱监督的3D语义实例分割。关键的想法是利用3D边界框标签,更容易,更快地注释。确实,我们表明只有仅使用边界框标签训练密集的分割模型。在我们方法的核心上,\ name {}是一个深层模型,灵感来自经典的霍夫投票,直接投票赞成边界框参数,并且是专门针对边界盒票的专门定制的群集方法。这超出了常用的中心票,这不会完全利用边界框注释。在扫描仪测试中,我们弱监督的模型在其他弱监督的方法中获得了领先的性能(+18 MAP@50)。值得注意的是,它还达到了当前完全监督模型的50分数的地图的97%。为了进一步说明我们的工作的实用性,我们在最近发布的Arkitscenes数据集中训练Box2mask,该数据集仅使用3D边界框注释,并首次显示引人注目的3D实例细分掩码。
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我们介绍了一种方法,例如针对3D点云的提案生成。现有技术通常直接在单个进料前进的步骤中回归建议,从而导致估计不准确。我们表明,这是一个关键的瓶颈,并提出了一种基于迭代双边滤波的方法。遵循双边滤波的精神,我们考虑了每个点的深度嵌入以及它们在3D空间中的位置。我们通过合成实验表明,在为给定的兴趣点生成实例建议时,我们的方法会带来巨大的改进。我们进一步验证了我们在挑战性扫描基准测试中的方法,从而在自上而下的方法的子类别中实现了最佳实例分割性能。
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基于激光雷达的3D单一对象跟踪是机器人技术和自动驾驶中的一个具有挑战性的问题。当前,现有方法通常会遇到长距离对象通常具有非常稀疏或部分倾斜的点云的问题,这使得模型含糊不清。模棱两可的功能将很难找到目标对象,并最终导致不良跟踪结果。为了解决此问题,我们使用功能强大的变压器体系结构,并为基于点云的3D单一对象跟踪任务提出一个点轨转换器(PTT)模块。具体而言,PTT模块通过计算注意力重量来生成微调的注意力特征,该功能指导追踪器的重点关注目标的重要功能,并提高复杂场景中的跟踪能力。为了评估我们的PTT模块,我们将PTT嵌入主要方法中,并构建一个名为PTT-NET的新型3D SOT跟踪器。在PTT-NET中,我们分别将PTT嵌入了投票阶段和提案生成阶段。投票阶段中的PTT模块可以模拟点斑块之间的交互作用,该点贴片学习上下文依赖于上下文。同时,提案生成阶段中的PTT模块可以捕获对象和背景之间的上下文信息。我们在Kitti和Nuscenes数据集上评估了PTT-NET。实验结果证明了PTT模块的有效性和PTT-NET的优越性,PTT-NET的优势超过了基线,在CAR类别中〜10%。同时,我们的方法在稀疏场景中也具有显着的性能提高。通常,变压器和跟踪管道的组合使我们的PTT-NET能够在两个数据集上实现最先进的性能。此外,PTT-NET可以在NVIDIA 1080TI GPU上实时以40fps实时运行。我们的代码是为研究社区开源的,网址为https://github.com/shanjiayao/ptt。
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最近,融合了激光雷达点云和相机图像,提高了3D对象检测的性能和稳健性,因为这两种方式自然具有强烈的互补性。在本文中,我们通过引入新型级联双向融合〜(CB融合)模块和多模态一致性〜(MC)损耗来提出用于多模态3D对象检测的EPNet ++。更具体地说,所提出的CB融合模块提高点特征的丰富语义信息,以级联双向交互融合方式具有图像特征,导致更全面且辨别的特征表示。 MC损失明确保证预测分数之间的一致性,以获得更全面且可靠的置信度分数。基蒂,JRDB和Sun-RGBD数据集的实验结果展示了通过最先进的方法的EPNet ++的优越性。此外,我们强调一个关键但很容易被忽视的问题,这是探讨稀疏场景中的3D探测器的性能和鲁棒性。广泛的实验存在,EPNet ++优于现有的SOTA方法,在高稀疏点云壳中具有显着的边距,这可能是降低LIDAR传感器的昂贵成本的可用方向。代码将来会发布。
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3D对象检测通过将点云作为唯一的输入来取得了显着的进展。但是,点云通常遭受不完整的几何结构和缺乏语义信息,这使得检测器难以准确地对检测到的对象进行分类。在这项工作中,我们专注于如何有效利用来自图像的对象级信息来提高基于点的3D检测器的性能。我们提出DEMF,这是一种简单而有效的方法,将图像信息融合到点特征中。给定一组点特征和图像特征图,DEMF通过将3D点的投影2D位置作为参考来自适应地汇总图像特征。我们在挑战性的Sun RGB-D数据集上评估了我们的方法,从而提高了最新的结果(+2.1 map@0.25和+2.3map@0.5)。代码可从https://github.com/haoy945/demf获得。
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3D object detection from LiDAR point cloud is a challenging problem in 3D scene understanding and has many practical applications. In this paper, we extend our preliminary work PointRCNN to a novel and strong point-cloud-based 3D object detection framework, the part-aware and aggregation neural network (Part-A 2 net). The whole framework consists of the part-aware stage and the part-aggregation stage. Firstly, the part-aware stage for the first time fully utilizes free-of-charge part supervisions derived from 3D ground-truth boxes to simultaneously predict high quality 3D proposals and accurate intra-object part locations. The predicted intra-object part locations within the same proposal are grouped by our new-designed RoI-aware point cloud pooling module, which results in an effective representation to encode the geometry-specific features of each 3D proposal. Then the part-aggregation stage learns to re-score the box and refine the box location by exploring the spatial relationship of the pooled intra-object part locations. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance improvements from each component of our proposed framework. Our Part-A 2 net outperforms all existing 3D detection methods and achieves new state-of-the-art on KITTI 3D object detection dataset by utilizing only the LiDAR point cloud data. Code is available at https://github.com/sshaoshuai/PointCloudDet3D.
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Point cloud learning has lately attracted increasing attention due to its wide applications in many areas, such as computer vision, autonomous driving, and robotics. As a dominating technique in AI, deep learning has been successfully used to solve various 2D vision problems. However, deep learning on point clouds is still in its infancy due to the unique challenges faced by the processing of point clouds with deep neural networks. Recently, deep learning on point clouds has become even thriving, with numerous methods being proposed to address different problems in this area. To stimulate future research, this paper presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in deep learning methods for point clouds. It covers three major tasks, including 3D shape classification, 3D object detection and tracking, and 3D point cloud segmentation. It also presents comparative results on several publicly available datasets, together with insightful observations and inspiring future research directions.
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在单个全景图像对3D房间布局的估计中,全局线框可以通过全局线框进行紧密描述。基于此观察,我们提出了一种替代方法,通过对可学习的霍夫变换块中的远程几何模式进行建模,以估算3D空间中的壁。我们将图像特征从库emap瓷砖转换为曼哈顿世界的霍夫空间,并将该功能直接映射到几何输出。卷积层不仅学习了局部梯度式的线特征,而且还利用全局信息成功预测具有简单网络结构的遮挡墙。与以前的大多数工作不同,预测是在每个Cubemap瓷砖上单独执行的,然后组装以获取布局估计。实验结果表明,我们在预测准确性和性能方面获得了可比的结果。代码可在https://github.com/starrah/dmh-net上找到。
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在鸟眼中学习强大的表现(BEV),以进行感知任务,这是趋势和吸引行业和学术界的广泛关注。大多数自动驾驶算法的常规方法在正面或透视视图中执行检测,细分,跟踪等。随着传感器配置变得越来越复杂,从不同的传感器中集成了多源信息,并在统一视图中代表功能至关重要。 BEV感知继承了几个优势,因为代表BEV中的周围场景是直观和融合友好的。对于BEV中的代表对象,对于随后的模块,如计划和/或控制是最可取的。 BEV感知的核心问题在于(a)如何通过从透视视图到BEV来通过视图转换来重建丢失的3D信息; (b)如何在BEV网格中获取地面真理注释; (c)如何制定管道以合并来自不同来源和视图的特征; (d)如何适应和概括算法作为传感器配置在不同情况下各不相同。在这项调查中,我们回顾了有关BEV感知的最新工作,并对不同解决方案进行了深入的分析。此外,还描述了该行业的BEV方法的几种系统设计。此外,我们推出了一套完整的实用指南,以提高BEV感知任务的性能,包括相机,激光雷达和融合输入。最后,我们指出了该领域的未来研究指示。我们希望该报告能阐明社区,并鼓励对BEV感知的更多研究。我们保留一个活跃的存储库来收集最新的工作,并在https://github.com/openperceptionx/bevperception-survey-recipe上提供一包技巧的工具箱。
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从点云中检测3D对象是一项实用但充满挑战的任务,最近引起了越来越多的关注。在本文中,我们提出了针对3D对象检测的标签引导辅助训练方法(LG3D),该方法是增强现有3D对象检测器的功能学习的辅助网络。具体而言,我们提出了两个新型模块:一个标签 - 通道诱导器,该模块诱导器将框架中的注释和点云映射到特定于任务的表示形式和一个标签 - 知识式插曲器,该标签知识映射器有助于获得原始特征以获得检测临界表示。提出的辅助网络被推理丢弃,因此在测试时间没有额外的计算成本。我们对室内和室外数据集进行了广泛的实验,以验证我们的方法的有效性。例如,我们拟议的LG3D分别在SUN RGB-D和SCANNETV2数据集上将投票人员分别提高了2.5%和3.1%的地图。
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尽管收集了越来越多的数据集用于培训3D对象检测模型,但在LiDar扫描上注释3D盒仍然需要大量的人类努力。为了自动化注释并促进了各种自定义数据集的生产,我们提出了一个端到端的多模式变压器(MTRANS)自动标签器,该标签既利用LIDAR扫描和图像,以生成来自弱2D边界盒的精确的3D盒子注释。为了减轻阻碍现有自动标签者的普遍稀疏性问题,MTRAN通过基于2D图像信息生成新的3D点来致密稀疏点云。凭借多任务设计,MTRANS段段前景/背景片段,使LIDAR POINT CLUENS云密布,并同时回归3D框。实验结果验证了MTRAN对提高生成标签质量的有效性。通过丰富稀疏点云,我们的方法分别在Kitti中度和硬样品上获得了4.48 \%和4.03 \%更好的3D AP,而不是最先进的自动标签器。也可以扩展Mtrans以提高3D对象检测的准确性,从而在Kitti硬样品上产生了显着的89.45 \%AP。代码位于\ url {https://github.com/cliu2/mtrans}。
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