在矩阵完成问题中,人们希望根据一组(可能是嘈杂的)条目重建一个低级别矩阵。先前的工作考虑完成整个矩阵,在条目分布不均匀的情况下,这可能是高度不准确的。我们正式化了部分矩阵完成的问题,目标是完成大量条目,或等效地完成整个矩阵并指定条目的准确子集。有趣的是,即使分布未知且任意复杂,我们的有效算法也能够保证:(a)在所有完成的条目上高精度,以及(b)高覆盖范围,这意味着它至少涵盖了与该矩阵的范围一样多。观察的分布。
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我们研究了在存在$ \ epsilon $ - 对抗异常值的高维稀疏平均值估计的问题。先前的工作为此任务获得了该任务的样本和计算有效算法,用于辅助性Subgaussian分布。在这项工作中,我们开发了第一个有效的算法,用于强大的稀疏平均值估计,而没有对协方差的先验知识。对于$ \ Mathbb r^d $上的分布,带有“认证有限”的$ t $ tum-矩和足够轻的尾巴,我们的算法达到了$ o(\ epsilon^{1-1/t})$带有样品复杂性$的错误(\ epsilon^{1-1/t}) m =(k \ log(d))^{o(t)}/\ epsilon^{2-2/t} $。对于高斯分布的特殊情况,我们的算法达到了$ \ tilde o(\ epsilon)$的接近最佳错误,带有样品复杂性$ m = o(k^4 \ mathrm {polylog}(d)(d))/\ epsilon^^ 2 $。我们的算法遵循基于方形的总和,对算法方法的证明。我们通过统计查询和低度多项式测试的下限来补充上限,提供了证据,表明我们算法实现的样本时间 - 错误权衡在质量上是最好的。
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库存记录不正确,经常发生,某些措施的年销售额约为4%。手动检测库存不准确性的成本较高,现有算法解决方案几乎完全依赖于从纵向数据中学习,这在现代零售操作引起的动态环境中不足。取而代之的是,我们提出了基于商店和SKU上的横截面数据的解决方案,观察到检测库存不准确性可以被视为识别(低级别)泊松矩阵中异常的问题。在低级别矩阵中检测到的最先进的方法显然不足。具体而言,从理论的角度来看,这些方法的恢复保证要求需要观察到无反对的条目,而噪音消失了(在我们的问题中,在许多应用中都不是这种情况)。如此有动力,我们提出了一种在概念上简单的入门方法,以在低级别的泊松矩阵中进行异常检测。我们的方法适合一类概率异常模型。我们表明,我们的算法所产生的成本以最低最佳最佳速率接近最佳算法。使用来自消费品零售商的合成数据和真实数据,我们表明我们的方法可提供超过现有检测方法的10倍成本降低。在此过程中,我们建立了最新的工作,该工作寻求矩阵完成的入门错误保证,并为次指定矩阵确定此类保证,这是独立利益的结果。
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我们开发机器以设计有效的可计算和一致的估计,随着观察人数而达到零的估计误差,因为观察的次数增长,当面对可能损坏的答复,除了样本的所有品,除了每种量之外的ALL。作为具体示例,我们调查了两个问题:稀疏回归和主成分分析(PCA)。对于稀疏回归,我们实现了最佳样本大小的一致性$ n \ gtrsim(k \ log d)/ \ alpha ^ $和最佳错误率$ o(\ sqrt {(k \ log d)/(n \ cdot \ alpha ^ 2))$ N $是观察人数,$ D $是尺寸的数量,$ k $是参数矢量的稀疏性,允许在数量的数量中为逆多项式进行逆多项式样品。在此工作之前,已知估计是一致的,当Inliers $ \ Alpha $ IS $ O(1 / \ log \ log n)$,即使是(非球面)高斯设计矩阵时也是一致的。结果在弱设计假设下持有,并且在这种一般噪声存在下仅被D'Orsi等人最近以密集的设置(即一般线性回归)显示。 [DNS21]。在PCA的上下文中,我们在参数矩阵上的广泛尖端假设下获得最佳错误保证(通常用于矩阵完成)。以前的作品可以仅在假设下获得非琐碎的保证,即与最基于的测量噪声以$ n $(例如,具有方差1 / n ^ 2 $的高斯高斯)。为了设计我们的估算,我们用非平滑的普通方(如$ \ ell_1 $ norm或核规范)装备Huber丢失,并以一种新的方法来分析损失的新方法[DNS21]的方法[DNS21]。功能。我们的机器似乎很容易适用于各种估计问题。
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This paper is about a curious phenomenon. Suppose we have a data matrix, which is the superposition of a low-rank component and a sparse component. Can we recover each component individually? We prove that under some suitable assumptions, it is possible to recover both the low-rank and the sparse components exactly by solving a very convenient convex program called Principal Component Pursuit; among all feasible decompositions, simply minimize a weighted combination of the nuclear norm and of the 1 norm. This suggests the possibility of a principled approach to robust principal component analysis since our methodology and results assert that one can recover the principal components of a data matrix even though a positive fraction of its entries are arbitrarily corrupted. This extends to the situation where a fraction of the entries are missing as well. We discuss an algorithm for solving this optimization problem, and present applications in the area of video surveillance, where our methodology allows for the detection of objects in a cluttered background, and in the area of face recognition, where it offers a principled way of removing shadows and specularities in images of faces.
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低秩矩阵恢复的现有结果在很大程度上专注于二次损失,这享有有利的性质,例如限制强的强凸/平滑度(RSC / RSM)以及在所有低等级矩阵上的良好调节。然而,许多有趣的问题涉及更一般,非二次损失,这不满足这些属性。对于这些问题,标准的非耦合方法,例如秩约为秩约为预定的梯度下降(A.K.A.迭代硬阈值)和毛刺蒙特罗分解可能具有差的经验性能,并且没有令人满意的理论保证了这些算法的全球和快速收敛。在本文中,我们表明,具有非二次损失的可证实低级恢复中的关键组成部分是规律性投影oracle。该Oracle限制在适当的界限集中迭代到低级矩阵,损耗功能在其上表现良好并且满足一组近似RSC / RSM条件。因此,我们分析配备有这样的甲骨文的(平均)投影的梯度方法,并证明它在全球和线性地收敛。我们的结果适用于广泛的非二次低级估计问题,包括一个比特矩阵感测/完成,个性化排名聚集,以及具有等级约束的更广泛的广义线性模型。
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We study inductive matrix completion (matrix completion with side information) under an i.i.d. subgaussian noise assumption at a low noise regime, with uniform sampling of the entries. We obtain for the first time generalization bounds with the following three properties: (1) they scale like the standard deviation of the noise and in particular approach zero in the exact recovery case; (2) even in the presence of noise, they converge to zero when the sample size approaches infinity; and (3) for a fixed dimension of the side information, they only have a logarithmic dependence on the size of the matrix. Differently from many works in approximate recovery, we present results both for bounded Lipschitz losses and for the absolute loss, with the latter relying on Talagrand-type inequalities. The proofs create a bridge between two approaches to the theoretical analysis of matrix completion, since they consist in a combination of techniques from both the exact recovery literature and the approximate recovery literature.
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We study the relationship between adversarial robustness and differential privacy in high-dimensional algorithmic statistics. We give the first black-box reduction from privacy to robustness which can produce private estimators with optimal tradeoffs among sample complexity, accuracy, and privacy for a wide range of fundamental high-dimensional parameter estimation problems, including mean and covariance estimation. We show that this reduction can be implemented in polynomial time in some important special cases. In particular, using nearly-optimal polynomial-time robust estimators for the mean and covariance of high-dimensional Gaussians which are based on the Sum-of-Squares method, we design the first polynomial-time private estimators for these problems with nearly-optimal samples-accuracy-privacy tradeoffs. Our algorithms are also robust to a constant fraction of adversarially-corrupted samples.
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我们提出了一种凸锥程序,可推断随机点产品图(RDPG)的潜在概率矩阵。优化问题最大化Bernoulli最大似然函数,增加核规范正则化术语。双重问题具有特别良好的形式,与众所周知的SemideFinite程序放松MaxCut问题有关。使用原始双功率条件,我们绑定了原始和双解决方案的条目和等级。此外,我们在轻微的技术假设下绑定了最佳目标值并证明了略微修改模型的概率估计的渐近一致性。我们对合成RDPG的实验不仅恢复了自然集群,而且还揭示了原始数据的下面的低维几何形状。我们还证明该方法在空手道俱乐部图表和合成美国参议图中恢复潜在结构,并且可以扩展到最多几百个节点的图表。
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我们提出了一个算法框架,用于近距离矩阵上的量子启发的经典算法,概括了Tang的突破性量子启发算法开始的一系列结果,用于推荐系统[STOC'19]。由量子线性代数算法和gily \'en,su,low和wiebe [stoc'19]的量子奇异值转换(SVT)框架[SVT)的动机[STOC'19],我们开发了SVT的经典算法合适的量子启发的采样假设。我们的结果提供了令人信服的证据,表明在相应的QRAM数据结构输入模型中,量子SVT不会产生指数量子加速。由于量子SVT框架基本上概括了量子线性代数的所有已知技术,因此我们的结果与先前工作的采样引理相结合,足以概括所有有关取消量子机器学习算法的最新结果。特别是,我们的经典SVT框架恢复并经常改善推荐系统,主成分分析,监督聚类,支持向量机器,低秩回归和半决赛程序解决方案的取消结果。我们还为汉密尔顿低级模拟和判别分析提供了其他取消化结果。我们的改进来自识别量子启发的输入模型的关键功能,该模型是所有先前量子启发的结果的核心:$ \ ell^2 $ -Norm采样可以及时近似于其尺寸近似矩阵产品。我们将所有主要结果减少到这一事实,使我们的简洁,独立和直观。
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Tensor完成是矩阵完成的自然高阶泛化,其中目标是从其条目的稀疏观察中恢复低级张量。现有算法在没有可证明的担保的情况下是启发式,基于解决运行不切实际的大型半纤维程序,或者需要强大的假设,例如需要因素几乎正交。在本文中,我们介绍了交替最小化的新变型,其又通过了解如何对矩阵设置中的交替最小化的收敛性的进展措施来调整到张量设置的启发。我们展示了强大的可证明的保证,包括表明我们的算法即使当因素高度相关时,我们的算法也会在真正的张量线上会聚,并且可以在几乎线性的时间内实现。此外,我们的算法也非常实用,我们表明我们可以完成具有千维尺寸的三阶张量,从观察其条目的微小一部分。相比之下,有些令人惊讶的是,我们表明,如果没有我们的新扭曲,则表明交替最小化的标准版本可以在实践中以急剧速度收敛。
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We consider a problem of considerable practical interest: the recovery of a data matrix from a sampling of its entries. Suppose that we observe m entries selected uniformly at random from a matrix M . Can we complete the matrix and recover the entries that we have not seen?We show that one can perfectly recover most low-rank matrices from what appears to be an incomplete set of entries. We prove that if the number m of sampled entries obeys m ≥ C n 1.2 r log n for some positive numerical constant C, then with very high probability, most n × n matrices of rank r can be perfectly recovered by solving a simple convex optimization program. This program finds the matrix with minimum nuclear norm that fits the data. The condition above assumes that the rank is not too large. However, if one replaces the 1.2 exponent with 1.25, then the result holds for all values of the rank. Similar results hold for arbitrary rectangular matrices as well. Our results are connected with the recent literature on compressed sensing, and show that objects other than signals and images can be perfectly reconstructed from very limited information.
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We study the fundamental task of outlier-robust mean estimation for heavy-tailed distributions in the presence of sparsity. Specifically, given a small number of corrupted samples from a high-dimensional heavy-tailed distribution whose mean $\mu$ is guaranteed to be sparse, the goal is to efficiently compute a hypothesis that accurately approximates $\mu$ with high probability. Prior work had obtained efficient algorithms for robust sparse mean estimation of light-tailed distributions. In this work, we give the first sample-efficient and polynomial-time robust sparse mean estimator for heavy-tailed distributions under mild moment assumptions. Our algorithm achieves the optimal asymptotic error using a number of samples scaling logarithmically with the ambient dimension. Importantly, the sample complexity of our method is optimal as a function of the failure probability $\tau$, having an additive $\log(1/\tau)$ dependence. Our algorithm leverages the stability-based approach from the algorithmic robust statistics literature, with crucial (and necessary) adaptations required in our setting. Our analysis may be of independent interest, involving the delicate design of a (non-spectral) decomposition for positive semi-definite matrices satisfying certain sparsity properties.
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我们重新审视耐受分发测试的问题。也就是说,给出来自未知分发$ P $超过$ \ {1,\ dots,n \} $的样本,它是$ \ varepsilon_1 $ -close到或$ \ varepsilon_2 $ -far从引用分发$ q $(总变化距离)?尽管过去十年来兴趣,但在极端情况下,这个问题很好。在无噪声设置(即,$ \ varepsilon_1 = 0 $)中,样本复杂性是$ \ theta(\ sqrt {n})$,强大的域大小。在频谱的另一端时,当$ \ varepsilon_1 = \ varepsilon_2 / 2 $时,样本复杂性跳转到勉强su​​blinear $ \ theta(n / \ log n)$。然而,非常少于中级制度。我们充分地表征了分发测试中的公差价格,作为$ N $,$ varepsilon_1 $,$ \ varepsilon_2 $,最多一个$ \ log n $ factor。具体来说,我们显示了\ [\ tilde \ theta \ left的样本复杂性(\ frac {\ sqrt {n}} {\ varepsilon_2 ^ {2}} + \ frac {n} {\ log n} \ cdot \ max \左\ {\ frac {\ varepsilon_1} {\ varepsilon_2 ^ 2},\ left(\ frac {\ varepsilon_1} {\ varepsilon_2 ^ 2} \右)^ {\!\!\!2} \ \ \} \右) ,\]提供两个先前已知的案例之间的顺利折衷。我们还为宽容的等价测试问题提供了类似的表征,其中$ p $和$ q $均未赘述。令人惊讶的是,在这两种情况下,对样本复杂性的主数量是比率$ \ varepsilon_1 / varepsilon_2 ^ 2 $,而不是更直观的$ \ varepsilon_1 / \ varepsilon_2 $。特别是技术兴趣是我们的下限框架,这涉及在以往的工作中处理不对称所需的新颖近似性理论工具,从而缺乏以前的作品。
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我们研究了\ textit {在线}低率矩阵完成的问题,并使用$ \ mathsf {m} $用户,$ \ mathsf {n} $项目和$ \ mathsf {t} $ rounds。在每回合中,我们建议每个用户一项。对于每个建议,我们都会从低级别的用户项目奖励矩阵中获得(嘈杂的)奖励。目的是设计一种以下遗憾的在线方法(以$ \ mathsf {t} $)。虽然该问题可以映射到标准的多臂强盗问题,其中每个项目都是\ textit {独立}手臂,但由于没有利用武器和用户之间的相关性,因此遗憾会导致遗憾。相比之下,由于低级别的歧管的非凸度,利用奖励矩阵的低排列结构是具有挑战性的。我们使用探索-Commit(etc)方法克服了这一挑战,该方法确保了$ O(\ Mathsf {polylog}(\ Mathsf {m}+\ \ \ \ \ Mathsf {n})\ Mathsf {t}^{2/2/ 3})$。 That is, roughly only $\mathsf{polylog} (\mathsf{M}+\mathsf{N})$ item recommendations are required per user to get non-trivial solution.我们进一步改善了排名$ 1 $设置的结果。在这里,我们提出了一种新颖的算法八进制(使用迭代用户群集的在线协作过滤),以确保$ O(\ Mathsf {polylog}(\ Mathsf {M}+\ Mathsf {N})几乎最佳的遗憾。 ^{1/2})$。我们的算法使用了一种新颖的技术,可以共同和迭代地消除项目,这使我们能够在$ \ Mathsf {t} $中获得几乎最小的最佳速率。
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The affine rank minimization problem consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank that satisfies a given system of linear equality constraints. Such problems have appeared in the literature of a diverse set of fields including system identification and control, Euclidean embedding, and collaborative filtering. Although specific instances can often be solved with specialized algorithms, the general affine rank minimization problem is NP-hard, because it contains vector cardinality minimization as a special case.In this paper, we show that if a certain restricted isometry property holds for the linear transformation defining the constraints, the minimum rank solution can be recovered by solving a convex optimization problem, namely the minimization of the nuclear norm over the given affine space. We present several random ensembles of equations where the restricted isometry property holds with overwhelming probability, provided the codimension of the subspace is Ω(r(m + n) log mn), where m, n are the dimensions of the matrix, and r is its rank.The techniques used in our analysis have strong parallels in the compressed sensing framework. We discuss how affine rank minimization generalizes this pre-existing concept and outline a dictionary relating concepts from cardinality minimization to those of rank minimization. We also discuss several algorithmic approaches to solving the norm minimization relaxations, and illustrate our results with numerical examples.
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In this paper, we study the trace regression when a matrix of parameters B* is estimated via the convex relaxation of a rank-regularized regression or via regularized non-convex optimization. It is known that these estimators satisfy near-optimal error bounds under assumptions on the rank, coherence, and spikiness of B*. We start by introducing a general notion of spikiness for B* that provides a generic recipe to prove the restricted strong convexity of the sampling operator of the trace regression and obtain near-optimal and non-asymptotic error bounds for the estimation error. Similar to the existing literature, these results require the regularization parameter to be above a certain theory-inspired threshold that depends on observation noise that may be unknown in practice. Next, we extend the error bounds to cases where the regularization parameter is chosen via cross-validation. This result is significant in that existing theoretical results on cross-validated estimators (Kale et al., 2011; Kumar et al., 2013; Abou-Moustafa and Szepesvari, 2017) do not apply to our setting since the estimators we study are not known to satisfy their required notion of stability. Finally, using simulations on synthetic and real data, we show that the cross-validated estimator selects a near-optimal penalty parameter and outperforms the theory-inspired approach of selecting the parameter.
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我们在高斯分布下使用Massart噪声与Massart噪声进行PAC学习半个空间的问题。在Massart模型中,允许对手将每个点$ \ mathbf {x} $的标签与未知概率$ \ eta(\ mathbf {x})\ leq \ eta $,用于某些参数$ \ eta \ [0,1 / 2] $。目标是找到一个假设$ \ mathrm {opt} + \ epsilon $的错误分类错误,其中$ \ mathrm {opt} $是目标半空间的错误。此前已经在两个假设下研究了这个问题:(i)目标半空间是同质的(即,分离超平面通过原点),并且(ii)参数$ \ eta $严格小于$ 1/2 $。在此工作之前,当除去这些假设中的任何一个时,不知道非增长的界限。我们研究了一般问题并建立以下内容:对于$ \ eta <1/2 $,我们为一般半个空间提供了一个学习算法,采用样本和计算复杂度$ d ^ {o_ {\ eta}(\ log(1 / \ gamma) )))}} \ mathrm {poly}(1 / \ epsilon)$,其中$ \ gamma = \ max \ {\ epsilon,\ min \ {\ mathbf {pr} [f(\ mathbf {x})= 1], \ mathbf {pr} [f(\ mathbf {x})= -1] \} \} $是目标半空间$ f $的偏差。现有的高效算法只能处理$ \ gamma = 1/2 $的特殊情况。有趣的是,我们建立了$ d ^ {\ oomega(\ log(\ log(\ log(\ log))}}的质量匹配的下限,而是任何统计查询(SQ)算法的复杂性。对于$ \ eta = 1/2 $,我们为一般半空间提供了一个学习算法,具有样本和计算复杂度$ o_ \ epsilon(1)d ^ {o(\ log(1 / epsilon))} $。即使对于均匀半空间的子类,这个结果也是新的;均匀Massart半个空间的现有算法为$ \ eta = 1/2 $提供可持续的保证。我们与D ^ {\ omega(\ log(\ log(\ log(\ log(\ epsilon))} $的近似匹配的sq下限补充了我们的上限,这甚至可以为同类半空间的特殊情况而保持。
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随机奇异值分解(RSVD)是用于计算大型数据矩阵截断的SVD的一类计算算法。给定A $ n \ times n $对称矩阵$ \ mathbf {m} $,原型RSVD算法输出通过计算$ \ mathbf {m mathbf {m} $的$ k $引导singular vectors的近似m}^{g} \ mathbf {g} $;这里$ g \ geq 1 $是一个整数,$ \ mathbf {g} \ in \ mathbb {r}^{n \ times k} $是一个随机的高斯素描矩阵。在本文中,我们研究了一般的“信号加上噪声”框架下的RSVD的统计特性,即,观察到的矩阵$ \ hat {\ mathbf {m}} $被认为是某种真实但未知的加法扰动信号矩阵$ \ mathbf {m} $。我们首先得出$ \ ell_2 $(频谱规范)和$ \ ell_ {2 \ to \ infty} $(最大行行列$ \ ell_2 $ norm)$ \ hat {\ hat {\ Mathbf {M}} $和信号矩阵$ \ Mathbf {M} $的真实单数向量。这些上限取决于信噪比(SNR)和功率迭代$ g $的数量。观察到一个相变现象,其中较小的SNR需要较大的$ g $值以保证$ \ ell_2 $和$ \ ell_ {2 \ to \ fo \ infty} $ distances的收敛。我们还表明,每当噪声矩阵满足一定的痕量生长条件时,这些相变发生的$ g $的阈值都会很清晰。最后,我们得出了近似奇异向量的行波和近似矩阵的进入波动的正常近似。我们通过将RSVD的几乎最佳性能保证在应用于三个统计推断问题的情况下,即社区检测,矩阵完成和主要的组件分析,并使用缺失的数据来说明我们的理论结果。
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公司跨行业对机器学习(ML)的快速传播采用了重大的监管挑战。一个这样的挑战就是可伸缩性:监管机构如何有效地审核这些ML模型,以确保它们是公平的?在本文中,我们启动基于查询的审计算法的研究,这些算法可以以查询有效的方式估算ML模型的人口统计学率。我们提出了一种最佳的确定性算法,以及具有可比保证的实用随机,甲骨文效率的算法。此外,我们进一步了解了随机活动公平估计算法的最佳查询复杂性。我们对主动公平估计的首次探索旨在将AI治理置于更坚定的理论基础上。
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