自动驾驶技术的加速开发对获得大量高质量数据的需求更大。标签,现实世界数据代表性是培训深度学习网络的燃料,对于改善自动驾驶感知算法至关重要。在本文中,我们介绍了PANDASET,由完整的高精度自动车辆传感器套件生产的第一个数据集,具有无需成本商业许可证。使用一个360 {\ DEG}机械纺丝利达,一个前置,远程LIDAR和6个摄像机收集数据集。DataSet包含100多个场景,每个场景为8秒,为目标分类提供28种类型的标签和37种类型的语义分割标签。我们提供仅限LIDAR 3D对象检测的基线,LIDAR-Camera Fusion 3D对象检测和LIDAR点云分割。有关Pandaset和开发套件的更多详细信息,请参阅https://scale.com/open-datasets/pandaset。
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下一代高分辨率汽车雷达(4D雷达)可以提供额外的高程测量和较密集的点云,从而在自动驾驶中具有3D传感的巨大潜力。在本文中,我们介绍了一个名为TJ4Dradset的数据集,其中包括4D雷达点用于自动驾驶研究。该数据集是在各种驾驶场景中收集的,连续44个序列中总共有7757个同步帧,这些序列用3D边界框和轨道ID很好地注释。我们为数据集提供了基于4D雷达的3D对象检测基线,以证明4D雷达点云的深度学习方法的有效性。可以通过以下链接访问数据集:https://github.com/tjradarlab/tj4dradset。
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Robust detection and tracking of objects is crucial for the deployment of autonomous vehicle technology. Image based benchmark datasets have driven development in computer vision tasks such as object detection, tracking and segmentation of agents in the environment. Most autonomous vehicles, however, carry a combination of cameras and range sensors such as lidar and radar. As machine learning based methods for detection and tracking become more prevalent, there is a need to train and evaluate such methods on datasets containing range sensor data along with images. In this work we present nuTonomy scenes (nuScenes), the first dataset to carry the full autonomous vehicle sensor suite: 6 cameras, 5 radars and 1 lidar, all with full 360 degree field of view. nuScenes comprises 1000 scenes, each 20s long and fully annotated with 3D bounding boxes for 23 classes and 8 attributes. It has 7x as many annotations and 100x as many images as the pioneering KITTI dataset. We define novel 3D detection and tracking metrics. We also provide careful dataset analysis as well as baselines for lidar and image based detection and tracking. Data, development kit and more information are available online 1 .
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The research community has increasing interest in autonomous driving research, despite the resource intensity of obtaining representative real world data. Existing selfdriving datasets are limited in the scale and variation of the environments they capture, even though generalization within and between operating regions is crucial to the overall viability of the technology. In an effort to help align the research community's contributions with real-world selfdriving problems, we introduce a new large-scale, high quality, diverse dataset. Our new dataset consists of 1150 scenes that each span 20 seconds, consisting of well synchronized and calibrated high quality LiDAR and camera data captured across a range of urban and suburban geographies. It is 15x more diverse than the largest cam-era+LiDAR dataset available based on our proposed geographical coverage metric. We exhaustively annotated this data with 2D (camera image) and 3D (LiDAR) bounding boxes, with consistent identifiers across frames. Finally, we provide strong baselines for 2D as well as 3D detection and tracking tasks. We further study the effects of dataset size and generalization across geographies on 3D detection methods. Find data, code and more up-to-date information at http://www.waymo.com/open.
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车辆到所有(V2X)通信技术使车辆与附近环境中许多其他实体之间的协作可以从根本上改善自动驾驶的感知系统。但是,缺乏公共数据集极大地限制了协作感知的研究进度。为了填补这一空白,我们提出了V2X-SIM,这是一个针对V2X辅助自动驾驶的全面模拟多代理感知数据集。 V2X-SIM提供:(1)\ hl {Multi-Agent}传感器记录来自路边单元(RSU)和多种能够协作感知的车辆,(2)多模式传感器流,可促进多模式感知和多模式感知和(3)支持各种感知任务的各种基础真理。同时,我们在三个任务(包括检测,跟踪和细分)上为最先进的协作感知算法提供了一个开源测试台,并为最先进的协作感知算法提供了基准。 V2X-SIM试图在现实数据集广泛使用之前刺激自动驾驶的协作感知研究。我们的数据集和代码可在\ url {https://ai4ce.github.io/v2x-sim/}上获得。
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由于大规模数据集的可用性,通常在特定位置和良好的天气条件下收集的大规模数据集,近年来,自动驾驶汽车的感知进展已加速。然而,为了达到高安全要求,这些感知系统必须在包括雪和雨在内的各种天气条件下进行稳健运行。在本文中,我们提出了一个新数据集,以通过新颖的数据收集过程启用强大的自动驾驶 - 在不同场景(Urban,Highway,乡村,校园),天气,雪,雨,阳光下,沿着15公里的路线反复记录数据),时间(白天/晚上)以及交通状况(行人,骑自行车的人和汽车)。该数据集包括来自摄像机和激光雷达传感器的图像和点云,以及高精度GPS/ins以在跨路线上建立对应关系。该数据集包括使用Amodal掩码捕获部分遮挡和3D边界框的道路和对象注释。我们通过分析基准在道路和对象,深度估计和3D对象检测中的性能来证明该数据集的独特性。重复的路线为对象发现,持续学习和异常检测打开了新的研究方向。链接到ITHACA365:https://ithaca365.mae.cornell.edu/
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采用车辆到车辆通信以提高自动驾驶技术中的感知性能,最近引起了相当大的关注;然而,对于基准测试算法的合适开放数据集已经难以开发和评估合作感知技术。为此,我们介绍了用于车辆到车辆的第一个大型开放模拟数据集。它包含超过70个有趣的场景,11,464帧和232,913帧的注释3D车辆边界盒,从卡拉的8个城镇和洛杉矶的数码镇。然后,我们构建了一个全面的基准,共有16种实施模型来评估若干信息融合策略〜(即早期,晚期和中间融合),最先进的激光雷达检测算法。此外,我们提出了一种新的细心中间融合管线,以从多个连接的车辆汇总信息。我们的实验表明,拟议的管道可以很容易地与现有的3D LIDAR探测器集成,即使具有大的压缩速率也可以实现出色的性能。为了鼓励更多的研究人员来调查车辆到车辆的感知,我们将释放数据集,基准方法以及HTTPS://mobility-lab.seas.ucla.edu/opv2v2v/中的所有相关代码。
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使用3D激光点云数据的对象检测和语义分割需要昂贵的注释。我们提出了一种数据增强方法,该方法多次利用已经注释的数据。我们提出了一个重用真实数据的增强框架,自动在场景中找到合适的位置要增加,并明确地处理遮挡。由于使用真实数据,新插入的物体在增强中的扫描点维持了激光雷达的物理特征,例如强度和射线表。该管道证明在训练3D对象检测和语义分割的最佳模型中具有竞争力。新的增强为稀有和基本类别提供了显着的性能增长,尤其是在Kitti对象检测中“硬”行人级的平均精度增益为6.65%,或者2.14表示在Semantickitti细分挑战中获得的iOU在艺术状态下的增益。
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与使用可见光乐队(384 $ \ sim $ 769 THz)和使用红外乐队(361 $ \ sim $ 331 THz)的RGB摄像机不同,雷达使用相对较长的波长无线电(77 $ \ sim $ 81 GHz),从而产生强大不良风雨的测量。不幸的是,与现有的相机和LIDAR数据集相比,现有的雷达数据集仅包含相对较少的样品。这可能会阻碍基于雷达的感知的复杂数据驱动的深度学习技术的发展。此外,大多数现有的雷达数据集仅提供3D雷达张量(3DRT)数据,该数据包含沿多普勒,范围和方位角尺寸的功率测量值。由于没有高程信息,因此要估算3DRT对象的3D边界框是一个挑战。在这项工作中,我们介绍了Kaist-Radar(K-Radar),这是一种新型的大规模对象检测数据集和基准测试,其中包含35K帧的4D雷达张量(4DRT)数据,并具有沿多普勒,范围,Azimuth和Apipation的功率测量值尺寸,以及小心注释的3D边界盒在道路上的物体​​标签。 K-Radar包括在各种道路结构(城市,郊区道路,小巷和高速公路)上进行挑战的驾驶条件,例如不良风雨(雾,雨和雪)。除4DRT外,我们还提供了精心校准的高分辨率激光雷,周围的立体声摄像头和RTK-GPS的辅助测量。我们还提供基于4DRT的对象检测基线神经网络(基线NNS),并表明高度信息对于3D对象检测至关重要。通过将基线NN与类似结构的激光雷达神经网络进行比较,我们证明了4D雷达是不利天气条件的更强大的传感器。所有代码均可在https://github.com/kaist-avelab/k-radar上找到。
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Camera and lidar are important sensor modalities for robotics in general and self-driving cars in particular. The sensors provide complementary information offering an opportunity for tight sensor-fusion. Surprisingly, lidar-only methods outperform fusion methods on the main benchmark datasets, suggesting a gap in the literature. In this work, we propose PointPainting: a sequential fusion method to fill this gap. PointPainting works by projecting lidar points into the output of an image-only semantic segmentation network and appending the class scores to each point. The appended (painted) point cloud can then be fed to any lidaronly method. Experiments show large improvements on three different state-of-the art methods, Point-RCNN, Vox-elNet and PointPillars on the KITTI and nuScenes datasets. The painted version of PointRCNN represents a new state of the art on the KITTI leaderboard for the bird's-eye view detection task. In ablation, we study how the effects of Painting depends on the quality and format of the semantic segmentation output, and demonstrate how latency can be minimized through pipelining.
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We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
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计算机图形技术的最新进展可以使汽车驾驶环境更现实。它们使自动驾驶汽车模拟器(例如DeepGTA-V和Carla(学习采取行动))能够生成大量的合成数据,这些数据可以补充现有的现实世界数据集中,以培训自动驾驶汽车感知。此外,由于自动驾驶汽车模拟器可以完全控制环境,因此它们可以产生危险的驾驶场景,而现实世界中数据集缺乏恶劣天气和事故情况。在本文中,我们将证明将从现实世界收集的数据与模拟世界中生成的数据相结合的有效性,以训练对象检测和本地化任务的感知系统。我们还将提出一个多层次的深度学习感知框架,旨在效仿人类的学习经验,其中在某个领域中学习了一系列从简单到更困难的任务。自动驾驶汽车感知器可以从易于驱动的方案中学习,以通过模拟软件定制的更具挑战性的方案。
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Figure 1: We introduce datasets for 3D tracking and motion forecasting with rich maps for autonomous driving. Our 3D tracking dataset contains sequences of LiDAR measurements, 360 • RGB video, front-facing stereo (middle-right), and 6-dof localization. All sequences are aligned with maps containing lane center lines (magenta), driveable region (orange), and ground height. Sequences are annotated with 3D cuboid tracks (green). A wider map view is shown in the bottom-right.
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Our dataset provides dense annotations for each scan of all sequences from the KITTI Odometry Benchmark [19]. Here, we show multiple scans aggregated using pose information estimated by a SLAM approach.
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基于LIDAR的传感驱动器电流自主车辆。尽管进展迅速,但目前的激光雷达传感器在分辨率和成本方面仍然落后于传统彩色相机背后的二十年。对于自主驾驶,这意味着靠近传感器的大物体很容易可见,但远方或小物体仅包括一个测量或两个。这是一个问题,尤其是当这些对象结果驾驶危险时。另一方面,在车载RGB传感器中清晰可见这些相同的对象。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种将RGB传感器无缝熔化成基于LIDAR的3D识别方法。我们的方法采用一组2D检测来生成密集的3D虚拟点,以增加否则稀疏的3D点云。这些虚拟点自然地集成到任何基于标准的LIDAR的3D探测器以及常规激光雷达测量。由此产生的多模态检测器简单且有效。大规模NUSCENES数据集的实验结果表明,我们的框架通过显着的6.6地图改善了强大的中心点基线,并且优于竞争融合方法。代码和更多可视化可在https://tianweiy.github.io/mvp/上获得
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Surround-view fisheye perception under valet parking scenes is fundamental and crucial in autonomous driving. Environmental conditions in parking lots perform differently from the common public datasets, such as imperfect light and opacity, which substantially impacts on perception performance. Most existing networks based on public datasets may generalize suboptimal results on these valet parking scenes, also affected by the fisheye distortion. In this article, we introduce a new large-scale fisheye dataset called Fisheye Parking Dataset(FPD) to promote the research in dealing with diverse real-world surround-view parking cases. Notably, our compiled FPD exhibits excellent characteristics for different surround-view perception tasks. In addition, we also propose our real-time distortion-insensitive multi-task framework Fisheye Perception Network (FPNet), which improves the surround-view fisheye BEV perception by enhancing the fisheye distortion operation and multi-task lightweight designs. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our approach and the dataset's exceptional generalizability.
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Panoptic现场了解和跟踪动态代理对于机器人和自动化车辆至关重要,以在城市环境中导航。由于LiDAR提供了方案的精确照明和几何描绘,使用LIDAR点云执行这些任务提供可靠的预测。然而,现有数据集缺乏城市场景类型的多样性,并且具有有限数量的动态对象实例,其阻碍了这些任务的学习以及开发方法的可信基准。在本文中,我们介绍了大规模的Panoptic Nuscenes基准数据集,它扩展了我们流行的NUSCENES DataSet,具有用于语义分割,Panoptic分段和Panoptic跟踪任务的Pock-Wise Trountruth annotations。为了便于比较,我们为我们提出的数据集提供了几个任务的强大基线。此外,我们分析了Panoptic跟踪的现有度量标准的缺点,并提出了一种解决问题的小说实例的Pat度量。我们提供详尽的实验,展示了Panoptic Nuscenes与现有数据集相比的效用,并在Nuscenes.org提供的在线评估服务器。我们认为,此扩展将加快新颖的现场了解动态城市环境的新方法研究。
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车辆到所有(V2X)网络已使自主驾驶中的合作感达到了协作感,这是对独立情报的根本缺陷的有前途的解决方案,包括盲区和远距离感知。但是,缺乏数据集严重阻碍了协作感知算法的发展。在这项工作中,我们发布了海豚:用于协作感知的数据集,可以使和谐且相互联系的自动驾驶,这是一个新的模拟大规模的各种大规模的各种赛车多模式多模式自动驾驶数据集,该数据集为互连为互连的开创性基准平台提供自动驾驶。海豚在六个维度上优于当前数据集:从车辆和道路侧单元(RSU)(RSUS)的临时图像和点云,启用车辆到车辆(V2V)和车辆到基础设施(V2I)的协作感知; 6具有动态天气条件的典型场景使各种互连的自动驾驶数据集最多;精心选择的观点,提供关键区域和每个对象的全部覆盖范围; 42376帧和292549个对象,以及相应的3D注释,地理位置和校准,构成了最大的协作知觉数据集;全高清图像和64线激光雷达构建高分辨率数据,并具有足够的详细信息;组织良好的API和开源代码可确保海豚的可扩展性。我们还构建了2D检测,3D检测和关于海豚的多视图协作任务的基准。实验结果表明,通过V2X通信的原始融合方案可以帮助提高精度,并在RSU存在时减少昂贵的LiDAR设备的必要性,这可能会加速相互联系的自动驾驶车辆的普及。现在可以在https://dolphins-dataset.net/上获得海豚。
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过去几年目睹了提高自治车辆激光器的感知性能的兴趣越来越兴趣。虽然大多数现有的工作都侧重于开发新的深度学习算法或模型架构,但我们研究了物理设计的视角,即多个激光雷达的不同放置如何影响基于学习的感知的问题。为此,我们介绍了一种易于计算的信息理论代理度量,以定量和快速评估不同类型对象的3D检测的激光雷达放置。我们还在现实的Carla模拟器中提供了一个新的数据收集,检测模型培训和评估框架,以评估不同的多激光雷达配置。通过自动驾驶公司设计灵感的多种普遍的展示,我们通过广泛的实验表明了我们在基提上不同代表算法的替代公制和对象检测性能之间的相关性,验证了我们激光雷达展示率评估方法的有效性。我们的结果表明,在基于3D点云的对象检测中,传感器放置是不可忽略的,这将在具有挑战性的3D对象检测设置方面有助于平均精度的5%〜10%。我们认为这是第一次定量调查激光雷达放置对感知性能的影响的研究之一。
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组合多个传感器使机器人能够最大程度地提高其对环境的感知意识,并增强其对外部干扰的鲁棒性,对机器人导航至关重要。本文提出了可融合的基准测试,这是一个完整的多传感器数据集,具有多种移动机器人序列。本文提出了三项贡献。我们首先推进便携式和通用的多传感器套件,可提供丰富的感官测量值:10Hz激光镜点云,20Hz立体声框架图像,来自立体声事件相机的高速率和异步事件,来自IMU的200Hz惯性读数以及10Hz GPS信号。传感器已经在硬件中暂时同步。该设备轻巧,独立,并为移动机器人提供插件支持。其次,我们通过收集17个序列来构建数据集,该序列通过利用多个机器人平台进行数据收集来涵盖校园上各种环境。一些序列对现有的SLAM算法具有挑战性。第三,我们为将本地化和映射绩效评估提供了基础真理。我们还评估最新的大满贯方法并确定其局限性。该数据集将发布由原始传感器的设置,地面真相,校准数据和评估算法组成:https://ram-lab.com/file/site/site/multi-sensor-dataset。
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