多文件摘要(MDS)是信息聚合的有效工具,它从与主题相关文档集群生成信息和简洁的摘要。我们的调查是,首先,系统地概述了最近的基于深度学习的MDS模型。我们提出了一种新的分类学,总结神经网络的设计策略,并进行全面的最先进的概要。我们突出了在现有文献中很少讨论的各种客观函数之间的差异。最后,我们提出了与这个新的和令人兴奋的领域有关的几个方向。
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本文对过去二十年来对自然语言生成(NLG)的研究提供了全面的审查,特别是与数据到文本生成和文本到文本生成深度学习方法有关,以及NLG的新应用技术。该调查旨在(a)给出关于NLG核心任务的最新综合,以及该领域采用的建筑;(b)详细介绍各种NLG任务和数据集,并提请注意NLG评估中的挑战,专注于不同的评估方法及其关系;(c)强调一些未来的强调和相对近期的研究问题,因为NLG和其他人工智能领域的协同作用而增加,例如计算机视觉,文本和计算创造力。
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诸如学术文章和商业报告之类的长期文件一直是详细说明重要问题和需要额外关注的复杂主题的标准格式。自动汇总系统可以有效地将长文档置于简短而简洁的文本中,以封装最重要的信息,从而在帮助读者的理解中很重要。最近,随着神经体系结构的出现,已经做出了重大的研究工作,以推动自动文本摘要系统,以及有关将这些系统扩展到长期文档领域的挑战的大量研究。在这项调查中,我们提供了有关长期文档摘要的研究的全面概述,以及其研究环境的三个主要组成部分的系统评估:基准数据集,汇总模型和评估指标。对于每个组成部分,我们在长期汇总的背景下组织文献,并进行经验分析,以扩大有关当前研究进度的观点。实证分析包括一项研究基准数据集的内在特征,摘要模型的多维分析以及摘要评估指标的综述。根据总体发现,我们通过提出可能在这个快速增长的领域中提出未来探索的方向来得出结论。
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The rapid advancement of AI technology has made text generation tools like GPT-3 and ChatGPT increasingly accessible, scalable, and effective. This can pose serious threat to the credibility of various forms of media if these technologies are used for plagiarism, including scientific literature and news sources. Despite the development of automated methods for paraphrase identification, detecting this type of plagiarism remains a challenge due to the disparate nature of the datasets on which these methods are trained. In this study, we review traditional and current approaches to paraphrase identification and propose a refined typology of paraphrases. We also investigate how this typology is represented in popular datasets and how under-representation of certain types of paraphrases impacts detection capabilities. Finally, we outline new directions for future research and datasets in the pursuit of more effective paraphrase detection using AI.
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学术研究是解决以前从未解决过的问题的探索活动。通过这种性质,每个学术研究工作都需要进行文献审查,以区分其Novelties尚未通过事先作品解决。在自然语言处理中,该文献综述通常在“相关工作”部分下进行。鉴于研究文件的其余部分和引用的论文列表,自动相关工作生成的任务旨在自动生成“相关工作”部分。虽然这项任务是在10年前提出的,但直到最近,它被认为是作为科学多文件摘要问题的变种。然而,即使在今天,尚未标准化了自动相关工作和引用文本生成的问题。在这项调查中,我们进行了一个元研究,从问题制定,数据集收集,方法方法,绩效评估和未来前景的角度来比较相关工作的现有文献,以便为读者洞察到国家的进步 - 最内容的研究,以及如何进行未来的研究。我们还调查了我们建议未来工作要考虑整合的相关研究领域。
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Natural Language Generation (NLG) has improved exponentially in recent years thanks to the development of sequence-to-sequence deep learning technologies such as Transformer-based language models. This advancement has led to more fluent and coherent NLG, leading to improved development in downstream tasks such as abstractive summarization, dialogue generation and data-to-text generation. However, it is also apparent that deep learning based generation is prone to hallucinate unintended text, which degrades the system performance and fails to meet user expectations in many real-world scenarios. To address this issue, many studies have been presented in measuring and mitigating hallucinated texts, but these have never been reviewed in a comprehensive manner before. In this survey, we thus provide a broad overview of the research progress and challenges in the hallucination problem in NLG. The survey is organized into two parts: (1) a general overview of metrics, mitigation methods, and future directions; and (2) an overview of task-specific research progress on hallucinations in the following downstream tasks, namely abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, generative question answering, data-to-text generation, machine translation, and visual-language generation. This survey serves to facilitate collaborative efforts among researchers in tackling the challenge of hallucinated texts in NLG.
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连接视觉和语言在生成智能中起着重要作用。因此,已经致力于图像标题的大型研究工作,即用句法和语义有意义的句子描述图像。从2015年开始,该任务通常通过由Visual Encoder组成的管道和文本生成的语言模型来解决任务。在这些年来,两种组件通过对象区域,属性,介绍多模态连接,完全关注方法和伯特早期融合策略的利用而显着发展。但是,无论令人印象深刻的结果,图像标题的研究还没有达到结论性答案。这项工作旨在提供图像标题方法的全面概述,从视觉编码和文本生成到培训策略,数据集和评估度量。在这方面,我们量化地比较了许多相关的最先进的方法来确定架构和培训策略中最有影响力的技术创新。此外,讨论了问题的许多变体及其开放挑战。这项工作的最终目标是作为理解现有文献的工具,并突出显示计算机视觉和自然语言处理的研究领域的未来方向可以找到最佳的协同作用。
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Information overloading requires the need for summarizers to extract salient information from the text. Currently, there is an overload of dialogue data due to the rise of virtual communication platforms. The rise of Covid-19 has led people to rely on online communication platforms like Zoom, Slack, Microsoft Teams, Discord, etc. to conduct their company meetings. Instead of going through the entire meeting transcripts, people can use meeting summarizers to select useful data. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive surveys in the field of meeting summarizers. In this survey, we aim to cover recent meeting summarization techniques. Our survey offers a general overview of text summarization along with datasets and evaluation metrics for meeting summarization. We also provide the performance of each summarizer on a leaderboard. We conclude our survey with different challenges in this domain and potential research opportunities for future researchers.
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深度学习属于人工智能领域,机器执行通常需要某种人类智能的任务。类似于大脑的基本结构,深度学习算法包括一种人工神经网络,其类似于生物脑结构。利用他们的感官模仿人类的学习过程,深入学习网络被送入(感官)数据,如文本,图像,视频或声音。这些网络在不同的任务中优于最先进的方法,因此,整个领域在过去几年中看到了指数增长。这种增长在过去几年中每年超过10,000多种出版物。例如,只有在医疗领域中的所有出版物中覆盖的搜索引擎只能在Q3 2020中覆盖所有出版物的子集,用于搜索术语“深度学习”,其中大约90%来自过去三年。因此,对深度学习领域的完全概述已经不可能在不久的将来获得,并且在不久的将来可能会难以获得难以获得子场的概要。但是,有几个关于深度学习的综述文章,这些文章专注于特定的科学领域或应用程序,例如计算机愿景的深度学习进步或在物体检测等特定任务中进行。随着这些调查作为基础,这一贡献的目的是提供对不同科学学科的深度学习的第一个高级,分类的元调查。根据底层数据来源(图像,语言,医疗,混合)选择了类别(计算机愿景,语言处理,医疗信息和其他工程)。此外,我们还审查了每个子类别的常见架构,方法,专业,利弊,评估,挑战和未来方向。
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本次调查绘制了用于分析社交媒体数据的生成方法的研究状态的广泛的全景照片(Sota)。它填补了空白,因为现有的调查文章在其范围内或被约会。我们包括两个重要方面,目前正在挖掘和建模社交媒体的重要性:动态和网络。社会动态对于了解影响影响或疾病的传播,友谊的形成,友谊的形成等,另一方面,可以捕获各种复杂关系,提供额外的洞察力和识别否则将不会被注意的重要模式。
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Nowadays, time-stamped web documents related to a general news query floods spread throughout the Internet, and timeline summarization targets concisely summarizing the evolution trajectory of events along the timeline. Unlike traditional document summarization, timeline summarization needs to model the time series information of the input events and summarize important events in chronological order. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose a Unified Timeline Summarizer (UTS) that can generate abstractive and extractive timeline summaries in time order. Concretely, in the encoder part, we propose a graph-based event encoder that relates multiple events according to their content dependency and learns a global representation of each event. In the decoder part, to ensure the chronological order of the abstractive summary, we propose to extract the feature of event-level attention in its generation process with sequential information remained and use it to simulate the evolutionary attention of the ground truth summary. The event-level attention can also be used to assist in extracting summary, where the extracted summary also comes in time sequence. We augment the previous Chinese large-scale timeline summarization dataset and collect a new English timeline dataset. Extensive experiments conducted on these datasets and on the out-of-domain Timeline 17 dataset show that UTS achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of both automatic and human evaluations.
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排名模型是信息检索系统的主要组成部分。排名的几种方法是基于传统的机器学习算法,使用一组手工制作的功能。最近,研究人员在信息检索中利用了深度学习模型。这些模型的培训结束于结束,以提取来自RAW数据的特征来排序任务,因此它们克服了手工制作功能的局限性。已经提出了各种深度学习模型,每个模型都呈现了一组神经网络组件,以提取用于排名的特征。在本文中,我们在不同方面比较文献中提出的模型,以了解每个模型的主要贡献和限制。在我们对文献的讨论中,我们分析了有前途的神经元件,并提出了未来的研究方向。我们还显示文档检索和其他检索任务之间的类比,其中排名的项目是结构化文档,答案,图像和视频。
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The stock market prediction has been a traditional yet complex problem researched within diverse research areas and application domains due to its non-linear, highly volatile and complex nature. Existing surveys on stock market prediction often focus on traditional machine learning methods instead of deep learning methods. Deep learning has dominated many domains, gained much success and popularity in recent years in stock market prediction. This motivates us to provide a structured and comprehensive overview of the research on stock market prediction focusing on deep learning techniques. We present four elaborated subtasks of stock market prediction and propose a novel taxonomy to summarize the state-of-the-art models based on deep neural networks from 2011 to 2022. In addition, we also provide detailed statistics on the datasets and evaluation metrics commonly used in the stock market. Finally, we highlight some open issues and point out several future directions by sharing some new perspectives on stock market prediction.
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Controllable Text Generation (CTG) is emerging area in the field of natural language generation (NLG). It is regarded as crucial for the development of advanced text generation technologies that are more natural and better meet the specific constraints in practical applications. In recent years, methods using large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs), in particular the widely used transformer-based PLMs, have become a new paradigm of NLG, allowing generation of more diverse and fluent text. However, due to the lower level of interpretability of deep neural networks, the controllability of these methods need to be guaranteed. To this end, controllable text generation using transformer-based PLMs has become a rapidly growing yet challenging new research hotspot. A diverse range of approaches have emerged in the recent 3-4 years, targeting different CTG tasks which may require different types of controlled constraints. In this paper, we present a systematic critical review on the common tasks, main approaches and evaluation methods in this area. Finally, we discuss the challenges that the field is facing, and put forward various promising future directions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey paper to summarize CTG techniques from the perspective of PLMs. We hope it can help researchers in related fields to quickly track the academic frontier, providing them with a landscape of the area and a roadmap for future research.
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社交媒体网络已成为人们生活的重要方面,它是其思想,观点和情感的平台。因此,自动化情绪分析(SA)对于以其他信息来源无法识别人们的感受至关重要。对这些感觉的分析揭示了各种应用,包括品牌评估,YouTube电影评论和医疗保健应用。随着社交媒体的不断发展,人们以不同形式发布大量信息,包括文本,照片,音频和视频。因此,传统的SA算法已变得有限,因为它们不考虑其他方式的表现力。通过包括来自各种物质来源的此类特征,这些多模式数据流提供了新的机会,以优化基于文本的SA之外的预期结果。我们的研究重点是多模式SA的最前沿领域,该领域研究了社交媒体网络上发布的视觉和文本数据。许多人更有可能利用这些信息在这些平台上表达自己。为了作为这个快速增长的领域的学者资源,我们介绍了文本和视觉SA的全面概述,包括数据预处理,功能提取技术,情感基准数据集以及适合每个字段的多重分类方法的疗效。我们还简要介绍了最常用的数据融合策略,并提供了有关Visual Textual SA的现有研究的摘要。最后,我们重点介绍了最重大的挑战,并调查了一些重要的情感应用程序。
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随着信息技术的快速发展,在线平台已经产生了巨大的文本资源。作为一种特定形式的信息提取(即),事件提取(EE)由于其自动从人类语言提取事件的能力而增加了普及。但是,事件提取有限的文献调查。现有审查工作要么花费很多努力,用于描述各种方法的细节或专注于特定领域。本研究提供了全面概述了最先进的事件提取方法及其从文本的应用程序,包括闭域和开放式事件提取。这项调查的特点是它提供了适度复杂性的概要,避免涉及特定方法的太多细节。本研究侧重于讨论代表作品的常见角色,应用领域,优势和缺点,忽略各个方法的特殊性。最后,我们总结了常见问题,当前解决方案和未来的研究方向。我们希望这项工作能够帮助研究人员和从业者获得最近的事件提取的快速概述。
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旨在用自然语言和谐地与人类交流的智能对话体系对于促进人工智能时代的人机互动的发展非常出色。有了逐渐复杂的人类计算机交互要求(例如,多模式输入,时间敏感性),传统的基于文本的对话系统很难满足对更加生动和方便的交互的需求。因此,视觉背景增强对话系统(VAD)有可能通过感知和理解多模式信息(即图像或视频中的视觉上下文,文本对话历史记录)与人类进行交流,已成为主要的研究范式。 VAD受益于视觉和文本上下文之间的一致性和互补性,具有产生引人入胜和背景感知响应的潜力。为了描述VAD的开发,我们首先表征VAD的概念和独特功能,然后介绍其通用系统体系结构以说明系统工作流程。随后,对一些研究挑战和代表性作品进行了详细研究,然后进行了权威基准摘要。我们通过提出一些开放问题和有前途的VAD研究趋势来结束本文,例如,在跨模式对话环境下,人机对话的认知机制以及知识增强的跨模式语义互动。
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The internet has had a dramatic effect on the healthcare industry, allowing documents to be saved, shared, and managed digitally. This has made it easier to locate and share important data, improving patient care and providing more opportunities for medical studies. As there is so much data accessible to doctors and patients alike, summarizing it has become increasingly necessary - this has been supported through the introduction of deep learning and transformer-based networks, which have boosted the sector significantly in recent years. This paper gives a comprehensive survey of the current techniques and trends in medical summarization
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自动音频字幕是一项跨模式翻译任务,旨在为给定的音频剪辑生成自然语言描述。近年来,随着免费可用数据集的发布,该任务受到了越来越多的关注。该问题主要通过深度学习技术解决。已经提出了许多方法,例如研究不同的神经网络架构,利用辅助信息,例如关键字或句子信息来指导字幕生成,并采用了不同的培训策略,这些策略极大地促进了该领域的发展。在本文中,我们对自动音频字幕的已发表贡献进行了全面综述,从各种现有方法到评估指标和数据集。我们还讨论了公开挑战,并设想可能的未来研究方向。
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在过去的几十年中,知识感知的方法增强了一系列自然语言处理应用。随着收集的动力,最近在文档摘要中引起了知识,这是自然语言处理应用之一。先前的作品报告说,知识包裹的文档摘要在产生卓越的消化方面表现出色,尤其是在信息性,连贯性和事实一致性方面。本文追求对将知识嵌入文档摘要的最先进方法论进行的首次系统调查。特别是,我们提出了新的分类法,以概括文档摘要观点下的知识和知识嵌入。我们进一步探讨了如何在嵌入文档摘要模型的学习体系结构时,尤其是深度学习模型的学习架构。最后,我们讨论了这个主题和未来方向的挑战。
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