最近，已经开发了方法以准确地预测其在特定任务上的深神经网络（DNN）的测试性能，给定其底层拓扑结构的统计数据。然而，进一步利用这一新发现的实际应用的洞察力由于时间和记忆的高计算成本，因此是棘手的。在这项工作中，我们定义了一类新的拓扑功能，可以准确地表征学习的进度，同时在运行时迅速计算。此外，我们所提出的拓扑功能易于配备反向化，这意味着它们可以在最终训练中纳入其中。我们的新开发的DNN实际拓扑表征允许额外的应用程序。我们首先显示我们可以预测没有测试集的DNN的性能，而无需高性能计算。我们还证明了我们对DNN的拓扑表征在估计任务相似性方面是有效的。最后，我们表明我们可以通过主动限制DNN的拓扑结构来诱导DNN中的学习。这使得在元学框架中收缩了DNN的基础结构来开辟了新的途径。

Time Series Classification (TSC) is an important and challenging problem in data mining. With the increase of time series data availability, hundreds of TSC algorithms have been proposed. Among these methods, only a few have considered Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to perform this task. This is surprising as deep learning has seen very successful applications in the last years. DNNs have indeed revolutionized the field of computer vision especially with the advent of novel deeper architectures such as Residual and Convolutional Neural Networks. Apart from images, sequential data such as text and audio can also be processed with DNNs to reach state-of-the-art performance for document classification and speech recognition. In this article, we study the current state-ofthe-art performance of deep learning algorithms for TSC by presenting an empirical study of the most recent DNN architectures for TSC. We give an overview of the most successful deep learning applications in various time series domains under a unified taxonomy of DNNs for TSC. We also provide an open source deep learning framework to the TSC community where we implemented each of the compared approaches and evaluated them on a univariate TSC benchmark (the UCR/UEA archive) and 12 multivariate time series datasets. By training 8,730 deep learning models on 97 time series datasets, we propose the most exhaustive study of DNNs for TSC to date.

通过卫星摄像机获取关于地球表面的大面积的信息使我们能够看到远远超过我们在地面上看到的更多。这有助于我们在检测和监测土地使用模式，大气条件，森林覆盖和许多非上市方面的地区的物理特征。所获得的图像不仅跟踪连续的自然现象，而且对解决严重森林砍伐的全球挑战也至关重要。其中亚马逊盆地每年占最大份额。适当的数据分析将有助于利用可持续健康的氛围来限制对生态系统和生物多样性的不利影响。本报告旨在通过不同的机器学习和优越的深度学习模型用大气和各种陆地覆盖或土地使用亚马逊雨林的卫星图像芯片。评估是基于F2度量完成的，而用于损耗函数，我们都有S形跨熵以及Softmax交叉熵。在使用预先训练的ImageNet架构中仅提取功能之后，图像被间接馈送到机器学习分类器。鉴于深度学习模型，通过传输学习使用微调Imagenet预训练模型的集合。到目前为止，我们的最佳分数与F2度量为0.927。

这是一门专门针对STEM学生开发的介绍性机器学习课程。我们的目标是为有兴趣的读者提供基础知识，以在自己的项目中使用机器学习，并将自己熟悉术语作为进一步阅读相关文献的基础。在这些讲义中，我们讨论受监督，无监督和强化学习。注释从没有神经网络的机器学习方法的说明开始，例如原理分析，T-SNE，聚类以及线性回归和线性分类器。我们继续介绍基本和先进的神经网络结构，例如密集的进料和常规神经网络，经常性的神经网络，受限的玻尔兹曼机器，（变性）自动编码器，生成的对抗性网络。讨论了潜在空间表示的解释性问题，并使用梦和对抗性攻击的例子。最后一部分致力于加强学习，我们在其中介绍了价值功能和政策学习的基本概念。

Topological data analysis (TDA) is a branch of computational mathematics, bridging algebraic topology and data science, that provides compact, noise-robust representations of complex structures. Deep neural networks (DNNs) learn millions of parameters associated with a series of transformations defined by the model architecture, resulting in high-dimensional, difficult-to-interpret internal representations of input data. As DNNs become more ubiquitous across multiple sectors of our society, there is increasing recognition that mathematical methods are needed to aid analysts, researchers, and practitioners in understanding and interpreting how these models' internal representations relate to the final classification. In this paper, we apply cutting edge techniques from TDA with the goal of gaining insight into the interpretability of convolutional neural networks used for image classification. We use two common TDA approaches to explore several methods for modeling hidden-layer activations as high-dimensional point clouds, and provide experimental evidence that these point clouds capture valuable structural information about the model's process. First, we demonstrate that a distance metric based on persistent homology can be used to quantify meaningful differences between layers, and we discuss these distances in the broader context of existing representational similarity metrics for neural network interpretability. Second, we show that a mapper graph can provide semantic insight into how these models organize hierarchical class knowledge at each layer. These observations demonstrate that TDA is a useful tool to help deep learning practitioners unlock the hidden structures of their models.

海洋生态系统及其鱼类栖息地越来越重要，因为它们在提供有价值的食物来源和保护效果方面的重要作用。由于它们的偏僻且难以接近自然，因此通常使用水下摄像头对海洋环境和鱼类栖息地进行监测。这些相机产生了大量数字数据，这些数据无法通过当前的手动处理方法有效地分析，这些方法涉及人类观察者。 DL是一种尖端的AI技术，在分析视觉数据时表现出了前所未有的性能。尽管它应用于无数领域，但仍在探索其在水下鱼类栖息地监测中的使用。在本文中，我们提供了一个涵盖DL的关键概念的教程，该教程可帮助读者了解对DL的工作原理的高级理解。该教程还解释了一个逐步的程序，讲述了如何为诸如水下鱼类监测等挑战性应用开发DL算法。此外，我们还提供了针对鱼类栖息地监测的关键深度学习技术的全面调查，包括分类，计数，定位和细分。此外，我们对水下鱼类数据集进行了公开调查，并比较水下鱼类监测域中的各种DL技术。我们还讨论了鱼类栖息地加工深度学习的新兴领域的一些挑战和机遇。本文是为了作为希望掌握对DL的高级了解，通过遵循我们的分步教程而为其应用开发的海洋科学家的教程，并了解如何发展其研究，以促进他们的研究。努力。同时，它适用于希望调查基于DL的最先进方法的计算机科学家，以进行鱼类栖息地监测。

The process of learning good features for machine learning applications can be very computationally expensive and may prove difficult in cases where little data is available. A prototypical example of this is the one-shot learning setting, in which we must correctly make predictions given only a single example of each new class.In this paper, we explore a method for learning siamese neural networks which employ a unique structure to naturally rank similarity between inputs. Once a network has been tuned, we can then capitalize on powerful discriminative features to generalize the predictive power of the network not just to new data, but to entirely new classes from unknown distributions. Using a convolutional architecture, we are able to achieve strong results which exceed those of other deep learning models with near stateof-the-art performance on one-shot classification tasks.

机器学习模型通常会遇到与训练分布不同的样本。无法识别分布（OOD）样本，因此将该样本分配给课堂标签会显着损害模​​型的可靠性。由于其对在开放世界中的安全部署模型的重要性，该问题引起了重大关注。由于对所有可能的未知分布进行建模的棘手性，检测OOD样品是具有挑战性的。迄今为止，一些研究领域解决了检测陌生样本的问题，包括异常检测，新颖性检测，一级学习，开放式识别识别和分布外检测。尽管有相似和共同的概念，但分别分布，开放式检测和异常检测已被独立研究。因此，这些研究途径尚未交叉授粉，创造了研究障碍。尽管某些调查打算概述这些方法，但它们似乎仅关注特定领域，而无需检查不同领域之间的关系。这项调查旨在在确定其共同点的同时，对各个领域的众多著名作品进行跨域和全面的审查。研究人员可以从不同领域的研究进展概述中受益，并协同发展未来的方法。此外，据我们所知，虽然进行异常检测或单级学习进行了调查，但没有关于分布外检测的全面或最新的调查，我们的调查可广泛涵盖。最后，有了统一的跨域视角，我们讨论并阐明了未来的研究线，打算将这些领域更加紧密地融为一体。

近年来，已经产生了大量的视觉内容，并从许多领域共享，例如社交媒体平台，医学成像和机器人。这种丰富的内容创建和共享引入了新的挑战，特别是在寻找类似内容内容的图像检索（CBIR）-A的数据库中，即长期建立的研究区域，其中需要改进的效率和准确性来实时检索。人工智能在CBIR中取得了进展，并大大促进了实例搜索过程。在本调查中，我们审查了最近基于深度学习算法和技术开发的实例检索工作，通过深网络架构类型，深度功能，功能嵌入方法以及网络微调策略组织了调查。我们的调查考虑了各种各样的最新方法，在那里，我们识别里程碑工作，揭示各种方法之间的联系，并呈现常用的基准，评估结果，共同挑战，并提出未来的未来方向。

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Accordingly, techniques that enable efficient processing of DNNs to improve energy efficiency and throughput without sacrificing application accuracy or increasing hardware cost are critical to the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial and survey about the recent advances towards the goal of enabling efficient processing of DNNs. Specifically, it will provide an overview of DNNs, discuss various hardware platforms and architectures that support DNNs, and highlight key trends in reducing the computation cost of DNNs either solely via hardware design changes or via joint hardware design and DNN algorithm changes. It will also summarize various development resources that enable researchers and practitioners to quickly get started in this field, and highlight important benchmarking metrics and design considerations that should be used for evaluating the rapidly growing number of DNN hardware designs, optionally including algorithmic co-designs, being proposed in academia and industry.The reader will take away the following concepts from this article: understand the key design considerations for DNNs; be able to evaluate different DNN hardware implementations with benchmarks and comparison metrics; understand the trade-offs between various hardware architectures and platforms; be able to evaluate the utility of various DNN design techniques for efficient processing; and understand recent implementation trends and opportunities.

手写数字识别（HDR）是光学特征识别（OCR）领域中最具挑战性的任务之一。不管语言如何，HDR都存在一些固有的挑战，这主要是由于个人跨个人的写作风格的变化，编写媒介和环境的变化，无法在反复编写任何数字等时保持相同的笔触。除此之外，特定语言数字的结构复杂性可能会导致HDR的模棱两可。多年来，研究人员开发了许多离线和在线HDR管道，其中不同的图像处理技术与传统的机器学习（ML）基于基于的和/或基于深度学习（DL）的体系结构相结合。尽管文献中存在有关HDR的广泛审查研究的证据，例如：英语，阿拉伯语，印度，法尔西，中文等，但几乎没有对孟加拉人HDR（BHDR）的调查，这缺乏对孟加拉语HDR（BHDR）的研究，而这些调查缺乏对孟加拉语HDR（BHDR）的研究。挑战，基础识别过程以及可能的未来方向。在本文中，已经分析了孟加拉语手写数字的特征和固有的歧义，以及二十年来最先进的数据集的全面见解和离线BHDR的方法。此外，还详细讨论了一些涉及BHDR的现实应用特定研究。本文还将作为对离线BHDR背后科学感兴趣的研究人员的汇编，煽动了对相关研究的新途径的探索，这可能会进一步导致在不同应用领域对孟加拉语手写数字进行更好的离线认识。

可解释的人工智能（XAI）的新兴领域旨在为当今强大但不透明的深度学习模型带来透明度。尽管本地XAI方法以归因图的形式解释了个体预测，从而确定了重要特征的发生位置（但没有提供有关其代表的信息），但全局解释技术可视化模型通常学会的编码的概念。因此，两种方法仅提供部分见解，并留下将模型推理解释的负担。只有少数当代技术旨在将本地和全球XAI背后的原则结合起来，以获取更多信息的解释。但是，这些方法通常仅限于特定的模型体系结构，或对培训制度或数据和标签可用性施加其他要求，这实际上使事后应用程序成为任意预训练的模型。在这项工作中，我们介绍了概念相关性传播方法（CRP）方法，该方法结合了XAI的本地和全球观点，因此允许回答“何处”和“ where”和“什么”问题，而没有其他约束。我们进一步介绍了相关性最大化的原则，以根据模型对模型的有用性找到代表性的示例。因此，我们提高了对激活最大化及其局限性的共同实践的依赖。我们证明了我们方法在各种环境中的能力，展示了概念相关性传播和相关性最大化导致了更加可解释的解释，并通过概念图表，概念组成分析和概念集合和概念子区和概念子区和概念子集和定量研究对模型的表示和推理提供了深刻的见解。它们在细粒度决策中的作用。

最近，已经观察到，转移学习解决方案可能是我们解决许多少量学习基准的全部 - 因此提出了有关何时以及如何部署元学习算法的重要问题。在本文中，我们试图通过1.提出一个新颖的指标（多样性系数）来阐明这些问题，以测量几次学习基准和2.的任务多样性。 ）并在公平条件下进行学习（相同的体系结构，相同的优化器和所有经过培训的模型）。使用多样性系数，我们表明流行的迷你胶原和Cifar-fs几乎没有学习基准的多样性低。这种新颖的洞察力将转移学习解决方案比在公平比较的低多样性方面的元学习解决方案更好。具体而言，我们从经验上发现，低多样性系数与转移学习和MAML学习解决方案之间的高相似性在元测试时间和分类层相似性方面（使用基于特征的距离指标，例如SVCCA，PWCCA，CKA和OPD） ）。为了进一步支持我们的主张，我们发现这种元测试的准确性仍然存在，即使模型大小变化也是如此。因此，我们得出的结论是，在低多样性制度中，MAML和转移学习在公平比较时具有等效的元检验性能。我们也希望我们的工作激发了对元学习基准测试基准的更周到的结构和定量评估。

Recent years witnessed the breakthrough of face recognition with deep convolutional neural networks. Dozens of papers in the field of FR are published every year. Some of them were applied in the industrial community and played an important role in human life such as device unlock, mobile payment, and so on. This paper provides an introduction to face recognition, including its history, pipeline, algorithms based on conventional manually designed features or deep learning, mainstream training, evaluation datasets, and related applications. We have analyzed and compared state-of-the-art works as many as possible, and also carefully designed a set of experiments to find the effect of backbone size and data distribution. This survey is a material of the tutorial named The Practical Face Recognition Technology in the Industrial World in the FG2023.

神经网络（NNS）在广泛的应用中的成功导致对理解这些模型的潜在学习动态的兴趣增加。在本文中，我们通过采用图形透视并调查NNS图形结构与其性能之间的关系来超越学习动态的描述。具体地，我们提出（1）表示神经网络学习过程作为时间不断发展的图表（即，通过时代的一系列静态图形快照），（2）在简单的时间内捕获NN期间NN的结构变化发明内容，（3）利用结构摘要，以预测底层NN在分类或回归任务中的准确性。对于NNS的动态图形表示，我们探索完全连接和卷积层的结构表示，这是强大的NN模型的关键组件。我们的分析表明，图形统计数据简单摘要，如加权程度和特征向量中心，只能用于准确地预测NNS的性能。例如，基于Lenet架构的5次训练时期构造的基于加权的基于程度的概要，实现了超过93％的分类精度。我们的发现对于不同的NN架构，包括Lenet，VGG，AlexNet和Reset。

While machine learning is traditionally a resource intensive task, embedded systems, autonomous navigation, and the vision of the Internet of Things fuel the interest in resource-efficient approaches. These approaches aim for a carefully chosen trade-off between performance and resource consumption in terms of computation and energy. The development of such approaches is among the major challenges in current machine learning research and key to ensure a smooth transition of machine learning technology from a scientific environment with virtually unlimited computing resources into everyday's applications. In this article, we provide an overview of the current state of the art of machine learning techniques facilitating these real-world requirements. In particular, we focus on deep neural networks (DNNs), the predominant machine learning models of the past decade. We give a comprehensive overview of the vast literature that can be mainly split into three non-mutually exclusive categories: (i) quantized neural networks, (ii) network pruning, and (iii) structural efficiency. These techniques can be applied during training or as post-processing, and they are widely used to reduce the computational demands in terms of memory footprint, inference speed, and energy efficiency. We also briefly discuss different concepts of embedded hardware for DNNs and their compatibility with machine learning techniques as well as potential for energy and latency reduction. We substantiate our discussion with experiments on well-known benchmark datasets using compression techniques (quantization, pruning) for a set of resource-constrained embedded systems, such as CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs. The obtained results highlight the difficulty of finding good trade-offs between resource efficiency and predictive performance.

The International Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS) is a workshop that tries to connect researchers who develop systems for reading music, such as in the field of Optical Music Recognition, with other researchers and practitioners that could benefit from such systems, like librarians or musicologists. The relevant topics of interest for the workshop include, but are not limited to: Music reading systems; Optical music recognition; Datasets and performance evaluation; Image processing on music scores; Writer identification; Authoring, editing, storing and presentation systems for music scores; Multi-modal systems; Novel input-methods for music to produce written music; Web-based Music Information Retrieval services; Applications and projects; Use-cases related to written music. These are the proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Reading Music Systems, held in Alicante on the 23rd of July 2021.

These notes were compiled as lecture notes for a course developed and taught at the University of the Southern California. They should be accessible to a typical engineering graduate student with a strong background in Applied Mathematics. The main objective of these notes is to introduce a student who is familiar with concepts in linear algebra and partial differential equations to select topics in deep learning. These lecture notes exploit the strong connections between deep learning algorithms and the more conventional techniques of computational physics to achieve two goals. First, they use concepts from computational physics to develop an understanding of deep learning algorithms. Not surprisingly, many concepts in deep learning can be connected to similar concepts in computational physics, and one can utilize this connection to better understand these algorithms. Second, several novel deep learning algorithms can be used to solve challenging problems in computational physics. Thus, they offer someone who is interested in modeling a physical phenomena with a complementary set of tools.

现代的神经网络是著名的，但也高度多余和可压缩。在深度学习文献中存在许多修剪策略，这些策略产生了超过90％的稀疏子网，这些子网已全面训练，密集的体系结构，同时仍保持其原始精度。不过，在这些方法中，由于其概念上的简单性，易于实施和功效 - 迭代幅度修剪（IMP）在实践中占主导地位，并且实际上是在修剪社区中击败的基线。但是，关于为什么像IMP这样的简单方法完全有限的理论解释是很少且有限的。在这项工作中，我们利用持续的同源性的概念来了解IMP的运作，并表明它本质地鼓励保留那些保留受过训练的网络中拓扑信息的权重。随后，我们还提供有关在完美保留其零订单拓扑特征的同时可以修剪多少不同网络的界限，并为IMP的修改版本提供了相同的操作。

很少有视觉识别是指从一些标记实例中识别新颖的视觉概念。通过将查询表示形式与类表征进行比较以预测查询实例的类别，许多少数射击的视觉识别方法采用了基于公制的元学习范式。但是，当前基于度量的方法通常平等地对待所有实例，因此通常会获得有偏见的类表示，考虑到并非所有实例在总结了类级表示的实例级表示时都同样重要。例如，某些实例可能包含无代表性的信息，例如过多的背景和无关概念的信息，这使结果偏差。为了解决上述问题，我们提出了一个新型的基于公制的元学习框架，称为实例自适应类别表示网络（ICRL-net），以进行几次视觉识别。具体而言，我们开发了一个自适应实例重新平衡网络，具有在生成班级表示，通过学习和分配自适应权重的不同实例中的自适应权重时，根据其在相应类的支持集中的相对意义来解决偏见的表示问题。此外，我们设计了改进的双线性实例表示，并结合了两个新型的结构损失，即，阶层内实例聚类损失和阶层间表示区分损失，以进一步调节实例重估过程并完善类表示。我们对四个通常采用的几个基准测试：Miniimagenet，Tieredimagenet，Cifar-FS和FC100数据集进行了广泛的实验。与最先进的方法相比，实验结果证明了我们的ICRL-NET的优势。