从单个RGB图像预测3D形状和静态对象的姿势是现代计算机视觉中的重要研究区域。其应用范围从增强现实到机器人和数字内容创建。通常,通过直接对象形状和姿势预测来执行此任务,该任务是不准确的。有希望的研究方向通过从大规模数据库中检索CAD模型并将它们对准到图像中观察到的对象来确保有意义的形状预测。然而,现有的工作并没有考虑到对象几何,导致对象姿态预测不准确,特别是对于未经看法。在这项工作中,我们演示了如何从RGB图像到呈现的CAD模型的跨域Keypoint匹配如何允许更精确的对象姿态预测与通过直接预测所获得的那些相比。我们进一步表明,关键点匹配不仅可以用于估计对象的姿势,还可以用于修改对象本身的形状。这与单独使用对象检索可以实现的准确性是重要的,其固有地限于可用的CAD模型。允许形状适配桥接检索到的CAD模型与观察到的形状之间的间隙。我们在挑战PIX3D数据集上展示了我们的方法。所提出的几何形状预测将AP网格改善在所看到的物体上的33.2至37.8上的33.2至37.8。未经证明对象的8.2至17.1。此外,在遵循所提出的形状适应时,我们展示了更准确的形状预测而不会与CAD模型紧密匹配。代码在HTTPS://github.com/florianlanger/leveraging_geometry_for_shape_eStimation上公开使用。
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6D object pose estimation problem has been extensively studied in the field of Computer Vision and Robotics. It has wide range of applications such as robot manipulation, augmented reality, and 3D scene understanding. With the advent of Deep Learning, many breakthroughs have been made; however, approaches continue to struggle when they encounter unseen instances, new categories, or real-world challenges such as cluttered backgrounds and occlusions. In this study, we will explore the available methods based on input modality, problem formulation, and whether it is a category-level or instance-level approach. As a part of our discussion, we will focus on how 6D object pose estimation can be used for understanding 3D scenes.
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代表物体粒度的场景是场景理解和决策的先决条件。我们提出PrisMoNet,一种基于先前形状知识的新方法,用于学习多对象3D场景分解和来自单个图像的表示。我们的方法学会在平面曲面上分解具有多个对象的合成场景的图像,进入其组成场景对象,并从单个视图推断它们的3D属性。经常性编码器从输入的RGB图像中回归3D形状,姿势和纹理的潜在表示。通过可差异化的渲染,我们培训我们的模型以自我监督方式从RGB-D图像中分解场景。 3D形状在功能空间中连续表示,作为我们以监督方式从示例形状预先训练的符号距离函数。这些形状的前沿提供弱监管信号,以更好地条件挑战整体学习任务。我们评估我们模型在推断3D场景布局方面的准确性,展示其生成能力,评估其对真实图像的概括,并指出了学习的表示的益处。
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我们介绍了日常桌面对象的998 3D型号的数据集及其847,000个现实世界RGB和深度图像。每个图像的相机姿势和对象姿势的准确注释都以半自动化方式执行,以促进将数据集用于多种3D应用程序,例如形状重建,对象姿势估计,形状检索等。3D重建由于缺乏适当的现实世界基准来完成该任务,并证明我们的数据集可以填补该空白。整个注释数据集以及注释工具和评估基线的源代码可在http://www.ocrtoc.org/3d-reconstruction.html上获得。
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深度学习识别的进步导致使用2D图像准确的对象检测。然而,这些2D感知方法对于完整的3D世界信息不足。同时,高级3D形状估计接近形状本身的焦点,而不考虑公制量表。这些方法无法确定对象的准确位置和方向。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个框架,该框架共同估计了从单个RGB图像的度量标度形状和姿势。我们的框架有两个分支:公制刻度对象形状分支(MSO)和归一化对象坐标空间分支(NOC)。 MSOS分支估计在相机坐标中观察到的度量标准形状。 NOCS分支预测归一化对象坐标空间(NOCS)映射,并从预测的度量刻度网格与渲染的深度图执行相似性转换,以获得6D姿势和大小。此外,我们介绍了归一化对象中心估计(NOCE),以估计从相机到物体中心的几何对齐距离。我们在合成和实际数据集中验证了我们的方法,以评估类别级对象姿势和形状。
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We propose a single-shot approach for simultaneously detecting an object in an RGB image and predicting its 6D pose without requiring multiple stages or having to examine multiple hypotheses. Unlike a recently proposed single-shot technique for this task [11] that only predicts an approximate 6D pose that must then be refined, ours is accurate enough not to require additional post-processing. As a result, it is much faster -50 fps on a Titan X (Pascal) GPU -and more suitable for real-time processing. The key component of our method is a new CNN architecture inspired by [28,29] that directly predicts the 2D image locations of the projected vertices of the object's 3D bounding box. The object's 6D pose is then estimated using a PnP algorithm.For single object and multiple object pose estimation on the LINEMOD and OCCLUSION datasets, our approach substantially outperforms other recent 26] when they are all used without postprocessing. During post-processing, a pose refinement step can be used to boost the accuracy of these two methods, but at 10 fps or less, they are much slower than our method.
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We introduce MegaPose, a method to estimate the 6D pose of novel objects, that is, objects unseen during training. At inference time, the method only assumes knowledge of (i) a region of interest displaying the object in the image and (ii) a CAD model of the observed object. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, we present a 6D pose refiner based on a render&compare strategy which can be applied to novel objects. The shape and coordinate system of the novel object are provided as inputs to the network by rendering multiple synthetic views of the object's CAD model. Second, we introduce a novel approach for coarse pose estimation which leverages a network trained to classify whether the pose error between a synthetic rendering and an observed image of the same object can be corrected by the refiner. Third, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset of photorealistic images of thousands of objects with diverse visual and shape properties and show that this diversity is crucial to obtain good generalization performance on novel objects. We train our approach on this large synthetic dataset and apply it without retraining to hundreds of novel objects in real images from several pose estimation benchmarks. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ModelNet and YCB-Video datasets. An extensive evaluation on the 7 core datasets of the BOP challenge demonstrates that our approach achieves performance competitive with existing approaches that require access to the target objects during training. Code, dataset and trained models are available on the project page: https://megapose6d.github.io/.
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Rapid advances in 2D perception have led to systems that accurately detect objects in real-world images. However, these systems make predictions in 2D, ignoring the 3D structure of the world. Concurrently, advances in 3D shape prediction have mostly focused on synthetic benchmarks and isolated objects. We unify advances in these two areas. We propose a system that detects objects in real-world images and produces a triangle mesh giving the full 3D shape of each detected object. Our system, called Mesh R-CNN, augments Mask R-CNN with a mesh prediction branch that outputs meshes with varying topological structure by first predicting coarse voxel representations which are converted to meshes and refined with a graph convolution network operating over the mesh's vertices and edges. We validate our mesh prediction branch on ShapeNet, where we outperform prior work on single-image shape prediction. We then deploy our full Mesh R-CNN system on Pix3D, where we jointly detect objects and predict their 3D shapes. Project page: https://gkioxari.github.io/meshrcnn/.
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The goal of this paper is to estimate the 6D pose and dimensions of unseen object instances in an RGB-D image. Contrary to "instance-level" 6D pose estimation tasks, our problem assumes that no exact object CAD models are available during either training or testing time. To handle different and unseen object instances in a given category, we introduce Normalized Object Coordinate Space (NOCS)-a shared canonical representation for all possible object instances within a category. Our region-based neural network is then trained to directly infer the correspondence from observed pixels to this shared object representation (NOCS) along with other object information such as class label and instance mask. These predictions can be combined with the depth map to jointly estimate the metric 6D pose and dimensions of multiple objects in a cluttered scene. To train our network, we present a new contextaware technique to generate large amounts of fully annotated mixed reality data. To further improve our model and evaluate its performance on real data, we also provide a fully annotated real-world dataset with large environment and instance variation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is able to robustly estimate the pose and size of unseen object instances in real environments while also achieving state-of-the-art performance on standard 6D pose estimation benchmarks.
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我们呈现ROCA,一种新的端到端方法,可以从形状数据库到单个输入图像中检索并对齐3D CAD模型。这使得从2D RGB观察开始观察到的场景的3D感知,其特征在于轻质,紧凑,清洁的CAD表示。我们的方法的核心是我们基于密集的2D-3D对象对应关系和促使对齐的可差的对准优化。因此,罗卡可以提供强大的CAD对准,同时通过利用2D-3D对应关系来学习几何上类似CAD模型来同时通知CAD检索。SCANNET的真实世界图像实验表明,Roca显着提高了现有技术,从检索感知CAD准确度为9.5%至17.6%。
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我们介绍了Amazon Berkeley对象(ABO),这是一个新的大型数据集,旨在帮助弥合真实和虚拟3D世界之间的差距。ABO包含产品目录图像,元数据和艺术家创建的3D模型,具有复杂的几何形状和与真实的家用物体相对应的物理基础材料。我们得出了具有挑战性的基准,这些基准利用ABO的独特属性,并测量最先进的对象在三个开放问题上的最新限制,以了解实际3D对象:单视3D 3D重建,材料估计和跨域多视图对象检索。
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Estimating 6D poses of objects from images is an important problem in various applications such as robot manipulation and virtual reality. While direct regression of images to object poses has limited accuracy, matching rendered images of an object against the input image can produce accurate results. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network for 6D pose matching named DeepIM. Given an initial pose estimation, our network is able to iteratively refine the pose by matching the rendered image against the observed image. The network is trained to predict a relative pose transformation using a disentangled representation of 3D location and 3D orientation and an iterative training process. Experiments on two commonly used benchmarks for 6D pose estimation demonstrate that DeepIM achieves large improvements over stateof-the-art methods. We furthermore show that DeepIM is able to match previously unseen objects.
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我们提出了一种称为DPODV2(密集姿势对象检测器)的三个阶段6 DOF对象检测方法,该方法依赖于致密的对应关系。我们将2D对象检测器与密集的对应关系网络和多视图姿势细化方法相结合,以估计完整的6 DOF姿势。与通常仅限于单眼RGB图像的其他深度学习方法不同,我们提出了一个统一的深度学习网络,允许使用不同的成像方式(RGB或DEPTH)。此外,我们提出了一种基于可区分渲染的新型姿势改进方法。主要概念是在多个视图中比较预测并渲染对应关系,以获得与所有视图中预测的对应关系一致的姿势。我们提出的方法对受控设置中的不同数据方式和培训数据类型进行了严格的评估。主要结论是,RGB在对应性估计中表现出色,而如果有良好的3D-3D对应关系,则深度有助于姿势精度。自然,他们的组合可以实现总体最佳性能。我们进行广泛的评估和消融研究,以分析和验证几个具有挑战性的数据集的结果。 DPODV2在所有这些方面都取得了出色的成果,同时仍然保持快速和可扩展性,独立于使用的数据模式和培训数据的类型
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我们研究了将人类设计师创建的基于图像的,逐步组装手册转换为机器可解剖说明的问题。我们将此问题提出为顺序预测任务:在每个步骤中,我们的模型都读取手册,将要添加到当前形状中的组件定位,并注入其3D姿势。此任务构成了在手动图像和实际3D对象之间建立2D-3D对应关系的挑战,以及对看不见的3D对象的3D姿势估计,因为要在步骤中添加的新组件可以是从前一个步骤中构建的对象。为了应对这两个挑战,我们提出了一个基于学习的新型框架,即手动到执行计划网络(MEPNET),该网络(MEPNET)从一系列手动图像中重建了组装步骤。关键思想是将神经2D关键点检测模块和2D-3D投影算法进行高精度预测和强有力的概括为看不见的组件。 MEPNET在三个新收集的乐高手册数据集和Minecraft House数据集上优于现有方法。
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估计对象的6D姿势是必不可少的计算机视觉任务。但是,大多数常规方法从单个角度依赖相机数据,因此遭受遮挡。我们通过称为MV6D的新型多视图6D姿势估计方法克服了这个问题,该方法从多个角度根据RGB-D图像准确地预测了混乱场景中所有对象的6D姿势。我们将方法以PVN3D网络为基础,该网络使用单个RGB-D图像来预测目标对象的关键点。我们通过从多个视图中使用组合点云来扩展此方法,并将每个视图中的图像与密集层层融合。与当前的多视图检测网络(例如Cosypose)相反,我们的MV6D可以以端到端的方式学习多个观点的融合,并且不需要多个预测阶段或随后对预测的微调。此外,我们介绍了三个新颖的影像学数据集,这些数据集具有沉重的遮挡的混乱场景。所有这些都从多个角度包含RGB-D图像,例如语义分割和6D姿势估计。即使在摄像头不正确的情况下,MV6D也明显优于多视图6D姿势估计中最新的姿势估计。此外,我们表明我们的方法对动态相机设置具有强大的态度,并且其准确性随着越来越多的观点而逐渐增加。
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We present an automatic method for annotating images of indoor scenes with the CAD models of the objects by relying on RGB-D scans. Through a visual evaluation by 3D experts, we show that our method retrieves annotations that are at least as accurate as manual annotations, and can thus be used as ground truth without the burden of manually annotating 3D data. We do this using an analysis-by-synthesis approach, which compares renderings of the CAD models with the captured scene. We introduce a 'cloning procedure' that identifies objects that have the same geometry, to annotate these objects with the same CAD models. This allows us to obtain complete annotations for the ScanNet dataset and the recent ARKitScenes dataset.
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我们的方法从单个RGB-D观察中研究了以对象为中心的3D理解的复杂任务。由于这是一个不适的问题,因此现有的方法在3D形状和6D姿势和尺寸估计中都遭受了遮挡的复杂多对象方案的尺寸估计。我们提出了Shapo,这是一种联合多对象检测的方法,3D纹理重建,6D对象姿势和尺寸估计。 Shapo的关键是一条单杆管道,可回归形状,外观和构成潜在的代码以及每个对象实例的口罩,然后以稀疏到密集的方式进一步完善。首先学到了一种新颖的剖面形状和前景数据库,以将对象嵌入各自的形状和外观空间中。我们还提出了一个基于OCTREE的新颖的可区分优化步骤,使我们能够以分析的方式进一步改善对象形状,姿势和外观。我们新颖的联合隐式纹理对象表示使我们能够准确地识别和重建新颖的看不见的对象,而无需访问其3D网格。通过广泛的实验,我们表明我们的方法在模拟的室内场景上进行了训练,可以准确地回归现实世界中新颖物体的形状,外观和姿势,并以最小的微调。我们的方法显着超过了NOCS数据集上的所有基准,对于6D姿势估计,MAP的绝对改进为8%。项目页面:https://zubair-irshad.github.io/projects/shapo.html
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人类对象与铰接物体的相互作用在日常生活中很普遍。尽管单视图3D重建方面取得了很多进展,但从RGB视频中推断出一个铰接的3D对象模型仍然具有挑战性,显示一个人操纵对象的人。我们从RGB视频中划定了铰接的3D人体对象相互作用重建的任务,并对这项任务进行了五个方法家族的系统基准:3D平面估计,3D Cuboid估计,CAD模型拟合,隐式现场拟合以及自由 - 自由 - 形式网状配件。我们的实验表明,即使提供了有关观察到的对象的地面真相信息,所有方法也难以获得高精度结果。我们确定使任务具有挑战性的关键因素,并为这项具有挑战性的3D计算机视觉任务提出指示。短视频摘要https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5talkbojzwc
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估计没有先验知识的新对象的相对姿势是一个困难的问题,而它是机器人技术和增强现实中非常需要的能力。我们提出了一种方法,可以在训练图像和对象的3D几何形状都没有可用时跟踪对象中对象的6D运动。因此,与以前的作品相反,我们的方法可以立即考虑开放世界中的未知对象,而无需任何先前的信息或特定的培训阶段。我们考虑两个架构,一个基于两个帧,另一个依赖于变压器编码器,它们可以利用任意数量的过去帧。我们仅使用具有域随机化的合成渲染训练架构。我们在具有挑战性的数据集上的结果与以前需要更多信息的作品(训练目标对象,3D模型和/或深度数据的培训图像)相当。我们的源代码可从https://github.com/nv-nguyen/pizza获得
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一个3D场景由一组对象组成,每个对象都有一个形状和一个布局,使其在太空中的位置。从2D图像中了解3D场景是一个重要的目标,并具有机器人技术和图形的应用。尽管最近在预测单个图像的3D形状和布局方面取得了进步,但大多数方法都依赖于3D地面真相来进行训练,这很昂贵。我们克服了这些局限性,并提出了一种方法,该方法学会预测对象的3D形状和布局,而无需任何地面真相形状或布局信息:相反,我们依靠具有2D监督的多视图图像,可以更轻松地按大规模收集。通过在3D仓库,Hypersim和扫描仪上进行的广泛实验,我们证明了我们的进近量表与逼真的图像的大型数据集相比,并与依赖3D地面真理的方法进行了比较。在Hypersim和Scannet上,如果没有可靠的3D地面真相,我们的方法优于在较小和较少的数据集上训练的监督方法。
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