自从商业领域聊天机器人出现以来，它们已被广泛地在客户服务部门工作。通常，这些商业聊天机器人是基于检索的，因此他们无法响应提供的数据集中缺少的查询。相反，生成性聊天机器人尝试创建最合适的响应，但大多无法在客户机器人对话框中创建平稳的流程。由于客户在收到响应后仍有几乎没有选择的选择，因此对话框变得短缺。通过我们的工作，我们试图最大程度地提高简单的对话代理的智能，以便可以回答看不见的查询，并产生后续问题或备注。我们已经为一家珠宝店建造了聊天机器人，该聊天机器人通过找到与语料库中模式的输入相似，从而找到了客户查询的根本目标。我们的系统为客户提供了音频输入界面，因此他们可以用自然语言对其进行交谈。将音频转换为文本后，我们训练了模型来提取查询的意图，找到适当的响应并以自然的人类声音与客户交谈。为了衡量系统的性能，我们使用了召回，精度和F1分数等性能指标。

Chatbots已经彻底改变了人类与计算机系统互动的方式，他们替代了服务代理，呼叫中心代表等。健身行业一直是一种不断增长的行业，尽管它还没有适应AI，ML和云计算等最新技术。在本文中，我们建议使用IBM Watson开发适合健身管理的聊天栏，并将其与Web应用程序集成。我们建议使用自然语言处理（NLP）和自然语言理解（NLU）以及为Chatbot Assistant提供的IBM Cloud Watson框架。该软件采用无服务器架构，通过提供饮食计划，家庭练习，互动咨询会，健身建议，将专业的服务结合起来。

Any organization needs to improve their products, services, and processes. In this context, engaging with customers and understanding their journey is essential. Organizations have leveraged various techniques and technologies to support customer engagement, from call centres to chatbots and virtual agents. Recently, these systems have used Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze large volumes of customer feedback and engagement data. The goal is to understand customers in context and provide meaningful answers across various channels. Despite multiple advances in Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Recommender Systems (RS), it is still challenging to understand the intent behind customer questions during the customer journey. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyze the recent work in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) in general and, more specifically, in chatbot-based CRS. We introduce a pipeline to contextualize the input utterances in conversations. We then take the next step towards leveraging reverse feature engineering to link the contextualized input and learning model to support intent recognition. Since performance evaluation is achieved based on different ML models, we use transformer base models to evaluate the proposed approach using a labelled dialogue dataset (MSDialogue) of question-answering interactions between information seekers and answer providers.

Artificial intelligence and natural language processing (NLP) are increasingly being used in customer service to interact with users and answer their questions. The goal of this systematic review is to examine existing research on the use of NLP technology in customer service, including the research domain, applications, datasets used, and evaluation methods. The review also looks at the future direction of the field and any significant limitations. The review covers the time period from 2015 to 2022 and includes papers from five major scientific databases. Chatbots and question-answering systems were found to be used in 10 main fields, with the most common use in general, social networking, and e-commerce areas. Twitter was the second most commonly used dataset, with most research also using their own original datasets. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 were the most common evaluation methods. Future work aims to improve the performance and understanding of user behavior and emotions, and address limitations such as the volume, diversity, and quality of datasets. This review includes research on different spoken languages and models and techniques.

通过为患者启用远程医疗服务，远程医疗有助于促进医疗专业人员的机会。随着必要的技术基础设施的出现，这些服务已逐渐流行。自从Covid-19危机开始以来，远程医疗的好处就变得更加明显，因为人们在大流行期间倾向于亲自探望医生。在本文中，我们专注于促进医生和患者之间的聊天课程。我们注意到，随着对远程医疗服务的需求的增加，聊天体验的质量和效率可能至关重要。因此，我们为医学对话开发了一种智能的自动反应生成机制，该机制可帮助医生有效地对咨询请求做出反应，尤其是在繁忙的课程中。我们探索了9个月内收集的医生和患者之间的900,000多个匿名的历史在线信息。我们实施聚类算法，以确定医生最常见的响应，并相应地手动标记数据。然后，我们使用此预处理数据来训练机器学习算法以生成响应。所考虑的算法有两个步骤：过滤（即触发）模型，以滤除不可行的患者消息和一个响应发生器，以建议成功通过触发阶段的响应前3位医生响应。该方法为Precision@3提供了83.28 \％的精度，并显示出其参数的鲁棒性。

在本文中，我们提出了双工对话，这是一种多型，多模式的口语对话系统，使基于电话的代理能够与人类这样的客户互动。我们在电信中使用全双工的概念来证明人类般的互动体验应该是什么以及如何通过三个子任务实现平稳的转弯：用户状态检测，后拨频选择和驳船检测。此外，我们建议使用多模式数据增强的半监督学习，以利用未标记的数据来增加模型的概括。三个子任务的实验结果表明，与基准相比，所提出的方法可实现一致的改进。我们将双工对话部署到阿里巴巴智能客户服务，并在生产中分享经验教训。在线A/B实验表明，所提出的系统可以将响应潜伏期显着降低50％。

客户服务Chatbots是对话系统，旨在为客户提供有关不同公司提供的产品/服务的信息。特别地，意图识别是自然语言低估Chatbot系统的能力的核心组件之一。在聊天训练识别的不同意图中，他们有一组是通用的任何客户服务Chatbot。普遍意图可以包括称呼，将对话交给人类代理人，告别。识别这些普遍意图的系统将非常有助于优化特定客户服务聊天训练过程。我们提出了一个普遍意图识别系统的发展，该系统受过培训，以识别28个不同的聊天跳闸中常见的11个意图组。拟议的系统考虑了最先进的单词嵌入模型，例如Word2VEC和BERT，基于卷积和经常性神经网络的深层分类器。所提出的模型能够区分这些普遍意图，均衡精度高达80.4 \％。此外，所提出的系统同样准确地识别短期和长文本请求中表达的意图。同时，错误分类错误通常发生在具有非常相似的语义领域，例如告别和正面评论之间。建议的系统将非常有帮助优化客户服务Chatbot的培训过程，因为我们的系统已经可用并检测到一些意图。与此同时，拟议的方法将是一个合适的基础模型，通过应用转移学习策略培训更具体的聊天措施。

In this modern era of technology with e-commerce developing at a rapid pace, it is very important to understand customer requirements and details from a business conversation. It is very crucial for customer retention and satisfaction. Extracting key insights from these conversations is very important when it comes to developing their product or solving their issue. Understanding customer feedback, responses, and important details of the product are essential and it would be done using Named entity recognition (NER). For extracting the entities we would be converting the conversations to text using the optimal speech-to-text model. The model would be a two-stage network in which the conversation is converted to text. Then, suitable entities are extracted using robust techniques using a NER BERT transformer model. This will aid in the enrichment of customer experience when there is an issue which is faced by them. If a customer faces a problem he will call and register his complaint. The model will then extract the key features from this conversation which will be necessary to look into the problem. These features would include details like the order number, and the exact problem. All these would be extracted directly from the conversation and this would reduce the effort of going through the conversation again.

The goal of building dialogue agents that can converse with humans naturally has been a long-standing dream of researchers since the early days of artificial intelligence. The well-known Turing Test proposed to judge the ultimate validity of an artificial intelligence agent on the indistinguishability of its dialogues from humans'. It should come as no surprise that human-level dialogue systems are very challenging to build. But, while early effort on rule-based systems found limited success, the emergence of deep learning enabled great advance on this topic. In this thesis, we focus on methods that address the numerous issues that have been imposing the gap between artificial conversational agents and human-level interlocutors. These methods were proposed and experimented with in ways that were inspired by general state-of-the-art AI methodologies. But they also targeted the characteristics that dialogue systems possess.

在过去的十年中，对对话系统的兴趣已经大大增长。从扩展过程中，也有兴趣开发和改进意图分类和插槽填充模型，这是两个组件，这些组件通常在以任务为导向的对话框系统中使用。此外，良好的评估基准对于帮助比较和分析结合此类模型的系统很重要。不幸的是，该领域的许多文献仅限于对相对较少的基准数据集的分析。为了促进针对任务的对话系统的更强大的分析，我们对意图分类和插槽填充任务进行了公开可用数据集的调查。我们分类每个数据集的重要特征，并就每个数据集的适用性，优势和劣势进行讨论。我们的目标是，这项调查有助于提高这些数据集的可访问性，我们希望它们能够在未来评估意图分类和填充插槽模型中用于以任务为导向的对话框系统。

Customers are rapidly turning to social media for customer support. While brand agents on these platforms are motivated and well-intentioned to help and engage with customers, their efforts are often ignored if their initial response to the customer does not match a specific tone, style, or topic the customer is aiming to receive. The length of a conversation can reflect the effort and quality of the initial response made by a brand toward collaborating and helping consumers, even when the overall sentiment of the conversation might not be very positive. Thus, through this study, we aim to bridge this critical gap in the existing literature by analyzing language's content and stylistic aspects such as expressed empathy, psycho-linguistic features, dialogue tags, and metrics for quantifying personalization of the utterances that can influence the engagement of an interaction. This paper demonstrates that we can predict engagement using initial customer and brand posts.

有一个关键的需求，可以自动为开发人员提供小任务生成代码。 Sackoverflow等网站通过在小片段中提供解决方案提供了一种简单的方式，该解决方案提供了对开发人员想要代码的任何任务问题的完整答案。自然语言处理和特别质疑答案系统对解决这些任务非常有帮助。在本文中，我们开发了一个双倍的深度学习模型：SEQ2SEQ和一个二进制分类器，它采用意图（在自然语言中）和Python中的代码片段。我们培养了SEQ2Seq模型中的意图和代码话语，在那里我们决定将隐藏层嵌入来自编码器的隐藏层的效果来表示intent，而且类似地使用解码器的隐藏层嵌入式代码序列。然后我们组合这些嵌入物，然后培训一个简单的二进制神经网络分类器模型，以预测来自SEQ2Seq模型的预测代码序列正确回答了意图。我们发现隐藏的状态层的嵌入式略高于来自构造词汇的常规标准嵌入。除了由简单的任务代码片段基对的STAQC数据库之外，我们还在Conala DataSet上试验了我们的测试。我们经验证明，与使用SEQ2Seq模型的隐藏状态上下文向量相比，使用Python中的代码片段使用其他预先培训的嵌入式基于上下文。

本文介绍了为法律领域设计域特定的对话代理面临的挑战的关键原则和解决方案。它包括范围，平台，架构和输入数据的准备问题。它提供回答用户查询和记录用户信息，包括联系人详细信息和与案例相关信息的功能。它利用亚马逊Web服务（AWS）Lex后建立的深度学习技术与AWS Lambda相结合。由于缺乏公开的数据，我们确定了两种方法，包括众包实验和存档的查询，以制定许多语言资源。这包括训练数据集，对话代理的一组预定响应，一组回归测试用例和进一步的对话测试集。我们提出了一种分层BOT结构，便于多级别委派并在回归测试集上报告模型准确性。此外，我们突出显示添加到BOT的功能，以改善对话流程和整体用户体验。

在本文中，我们展示了葡萄牙BERT模型如何与结构化数据组合，以便基于有限状态机部署Chatbot以创建一个对话AI系统，帮助房地产公司预测其客户的联系动机。该模型实现人类级别导致包含235个不平衡标签的数据集。然后，考虑到与古典NLP方法进行比较的业务影响，我们还展示了它的好处。

我们提出了Tacobot，这是为首届Alexa Prive Taskbot Challenge构建的面向任务的对话系统，该系统可帮助用户完成多步骤烹饪和家庭装修任务。Tacobot的设计采用以用户为中心的原则，并渴望提供协作且易于访问的对话体验。为此，它具有准确的语言理解，灵活的对话管理和引人入胜的响应生成。此外，Tacobot还以强大的搜索引擎和自动化的端到端测试套件为支持。在引导Tacobot的开发中，我们探索了一系列数据增强策略，以训练先进的神经语言处理模型，并通过收集的真实对话不断改善对话经验。在半决赛结束时，Tacobot的平均评分为3.55/5.0。

发现别人认为是我们信息收集策略的关键方面。现在，人们可以积极利用信息技术来寻找和理解他人的想法，这要归功于越来越多的意见资源（例如在线评论网站和个人博客）的越来越多。由于其在理解人们的意见方面的关键功能，因此情感分析（SA）是一项至关重要的任务。另一方面，现有的研究主要集中在英语上，只有少量研究专门研究低资源语言。对于情感分析，这项工作根据用户评估提供了一个新的多级乌尔都语数据集。高音扬声器网站用于获取乌尔都语数据集。我们提出的数据集包括10,000项评论，这些评论已被人类专家精心归类为两类：正面，负面。这项研究的主要目的是构建一个手动注释的数据集进行乌尔都语情绪分析，并确定基线结果。采用了五种不同的词典和规则的算法，包括NaiveBayes，Stanza，TextBlob，Vader和Flair，实验结果表明，其精度为70％的天赋优于其他经过测试的算法。

Drawing from the resources of psychoanalysis and critical media studies, in this paper we develop an analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated subjects. We argue the intentional fictional projection of subjectivity onto LLMs can yield an alternate frame through which AI behaviour, including its productions of bias and harm, can be analysed. First, we introduce language models, discuss their significance and risks, and outline our case for interpreting model design and outputs with support from psychoanalytic concepts. We trace a brief history of language models, culminating with the releases, in 2022, of systems that realise state-of-the-art natural language processing performance. We engage with one such system, OpenAI's InstructGPT, as a case study, detailing the layers of its construction and conducting exploratory and semi-structured interviews with chatbots. These interviews probe the model's moral imperatives to be helpful, truthful and harmless by design. The model acts, we argue, as the condensation of often competing social desires, articulated through the internet and harvested into training data, which must then be regulated and repressed. This foundational structure can however be redirected via prompting, so that the model comes to identify with, and transfer, its commitments to the immediate human subject before it. In turn, these automated productions of language can lead to the human subject projecting agency upon the model, effecting occasionally further forms of countertransference. We conclude that critical media methods and psychoanalytic theory together offer a productive frame for grasping the powerful new capacities of AI-driven language systems.

我们的工作是使用自然语言处理以自动化对物流至关重要的系统模型的开发的首次尝试。我们证明，基于变压器的语言模型的微型GPT-3 Codex的顶部建立的框架可以在给定口头描述的情况下对排队和库存控制系统进行功能有效的模拟。在进行的实验中，GPT-3 Codex在Python上表现出令人信服的专业知识，并了解了特定于域的词汇。结果，语言模型可以在给定特定于域的上下文，详细描述过程以及具有相应值的变量列表的情况下，生成单产品库存控制系统和单服务器排队系统的模拟。展示的结果以及语言模型的快速改进，为模拟模型开发背后的工作流程的重大简化打开了大门，这将使专家可以专注于对问题和整体思维的高级考虑。

Empathy is a vital factor that contributes to mutual understanding, and joint problem-solving. In recent years, a growing number of studies have recognized the benefits of empathy and started to incorporate empathy in conversational systems. We refer to this topic as empathetic conversational systems. To identify the critical gaps and future opportunities in this topic, this paper examines this rapidly growing field using five review dimensions: (i) conceptual empathy models and frameworks, (ii) adopted empathy-related concepts, (iii) datasets and algorithmic techniques developed, (iv) evaluation strategies, and (v) state-of-the-art approaches. The findings show that most studies have centered on the use of the EMPATHETICDIALOGUES dataset, and the text-based modality dominates research in this field. Studies mainly focused on extracting features from the messages of the users and the conversational systems, with minimal emphasis on user modeling and profiling. Notably, studies that have incorporated emotion causes, external knowledge, and affect matching in the response generation models, have obtained significantly better results. For implementation in diverse real-world settings, we recommend that future studies should address key gaps in areas of detecting and authenticating emotions at the entity level, handling multimodal inputs, displaying more nuanced empathetic behaviors, and encompassing additional dialogue system features.

本文介绍了CAIR的设计和实施：为社会机器人和其他对话代理而设计的基于知识的自主互动的云系统。该系统对于低成本机器人和设备特别方便。为开发人员提供了一种可持续的解决方案，可以通过网络连接来管理口头和非语言互动，约有3,000个对话主题可以进行“闲聊”，并提供了一个预先煮熟的计划库，只需要将其接地到机器人的库中物理能力。该系统的结构为一组REST API端点，因此可以通过添加新的API来轻松扩展它，以提高连接到云的客户端的功能。该系统的另一个关键功能是它旨在使客户的开发变得直接：这样，可以轻松地赋予多个设备与用户自主交互的能力，了解何时执行特定的操作并利用云服务提供的所有信息。文章概述并讨论了为评估系统响应时间的性能而执行的实验结果，为研究和市场解决方案铺平了道路。提供了与ROS的客户的存储库的链接，并提供了诸如Pepper和Nao之类的流行机器人的链接。