Humans inevitably develop a sense of the relationships between objects, some of which are based on their appearance. Some pairs of objects might be seen as being alternatives to each other (such as two pairs of jeans), while others may be seen as being complementary (such as a pair of jeans and a matching shirt). This information guides many of the choices that people make, from buying clothes to their interactions with each other. We seek here to model this human sense of the relationships between objects based on their appearance. Our approach is not based on fine-grained modeling of user annotations but rather on capturing the largest dataset possible and developing a scalable method for uncovering human notions of the visual relationships within. We cast this as a network inference problem defined on graphs of related images, and provide a large-scale dataset for the training and evaluation of the same. The system we develop is capable of recommending which clothes and accessories will go well together (and which will not), amongst a host of other applications.
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Building a successful recommender system depends on understanding both the dimensions of people's preferences as well as their dynamics. In certain domains, such as fashion, modeling such preferences can be incredibly difficult, due to the need to simultaneously model the visual appearance of products as well as their evolution over time. The subtle semantics and non-linear dynamics of fashion evolution raise unique challenges especially considering the sparsity and large scale of the underlying datasets. In this paper we build novel models for the One-Class Collaborative Filtering setting, where our goal is to estimate users' fashion-aware personalized ranking functions based on their past feedback. To uncover the complex and evolving visual factors that people consider when evaluating products, our method combines high-level visual features extracted from a deep convolutional neural network, users' past feedback, as well as evolving trends within the community. Experimentally we evaluate our method on two large real-world datasets from Amazon.com, where we show it to outperform stateof-the-art personalized ranking measures, and also use it to visualize the high-level fashion trends across the 11-year span of our dataset.
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在本文中,我们提出了一种方法,用于预测社交媒体对等体之间的信任链接,其中一个是在多识别信任建模的人工智能面积。特别是,我们提出了一种数据驱动的多面信任信任建模,该信任建模包括许多不同的特征以进行全面分析。我们专注于展示类似用户的聚类如何实现关键新功能:支持更个性化的,从而为用户提供更准确的预测。在信任感知项目推荐任务中说明,我们在大yelp数据集的上下文中评估所提出的框架。然后,我们讨论如何提高社交媒体的可信关系的检测可以帮助在最近爆发的社交网络环境中支持在线用户的违法行为和谣言的传播。我们的结论是关于一个特别易受资助的用户基础,老年人的反思,以说明关于用户组的推理价值,期望通过通过数据分析获得的洞察力集成已知偏好的一些未来方向。
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Embedding based product recommendations have gained popularity in recent years due to its ability to easily integrate to large-scale systems and allowing nearest neighbor searches in real-time. The bulk of studies in this area has predominantly been focused on similar item recommendations. Research on complementary item recommendations, on the other hand, still remains considerably under-explored. We define similar items as items that are interchangeable in terms of their utility and complementary items as items that serve different purposes, yet are compatible when used with one another. In this paper, we apply a novel approach to finding complementary items by leveraging dual embedding representations for products. We demonstrate that the notion of relatedness discovered in NLP for skip-gram negative sampling (SGNS) models translates effectively to the concept of complementarity when training item representations using co-purchase data. Since sparsity of purchase data is a major challenge in real-world scenarios, we further augment the model using synthetic samples to extend coverage. This allows the model to provide complementary recommendations for items that do not share co-purchase data by leveraging other abundantly available data modalities such as images, text, clicks etc. We establish the effectiveness of our approach in improving both coverage and quality of recommendations on real world data for a major online retail company. We further show the importance of task specific hyperparameter tuning in training SGNS. Our model is effective yet simple to implement, making it a great candidate for generating complementary item recommendations at any e-commerce website.
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本次调查绘制了用于分析社交媒体数据的生成方法的研究状态的广泛的全景照片(Sota)。它填补了空白,因为现有的调查文章在其范围内或被约会。我们包括两个重要方面,目前正在挖掘和建模社交媒体的重要性:动态和网络。社会动态对于了解影响影响或疾病的传播,友谊的形成,友谊的形成等,另一方面,可以捕获各种复杂关系,提供额外的洞察力和识别否则将不会被注意的重要模式。
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Recent advancements in deep neural networks for graph-structured data have led to state-of-the-art performance on recommender system benchmarks. However, making these methods practical and scalable to web-scale recommendation tasks with billions of items and hundreds of millions of users remains a challenge.Here we describe a large-scale deep recommendation engine that we developed and deployed at Pinterest. We develop a dataefficient Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) algorithm PinSage, which combines efficient random walks and graph convolutions to generate embeddings of nodes (i.e., items) that incorporate both graph structure as well as node feature information. Compared to prior GCN approaches, we develop a novel method based on highly efficient random walks to structure the convolutions and design a novel training strategy that relies on harder-and-harder training examples to improve robustness and convergence of the model.We deploy PinSage at Pinterest and train it on 7.5 billion examples on a graph with 3 billion nodes representing pins and boards, and 18 billion edges. According to offline metrics, user studies and A/B tests, PinSage generates higher-quality recommendations than comparable deep learning and graph-based alternatives. To our knowledge, this is the largest application of deep graph embeddings to date and paves the way for a new generation of web-scale recommender systems based on graph convolutional architectures.
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近年来,对机器学习算法在电子商务,全渠道营销和销售行业中的应用引起了人们的兴趣。它不仅符合算法的进步,而且还代表数据可用性,代表交易,用户和背景产品信息。以不同方式查找相关的产品,即替代品和补充对于供应商网站和供应商的建议至关重要,以执行有效的分类优化。本文介绍了一种新的方法,用于根据嵌入Cleora算法的图来查找产品的替代品和补充。我们还提供有关最先进的购物者算法的实验评估,研究了建议与行业专家的调查的相关性。结论是,此处提出的新方法提供了适当的推荐产品选择,需要最少的其他信息。该算法可用于各种企业,有效地识别替代品和互补产品选项。
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大多数现有推荐系统仅基于评级数据,并且他们忽略了可能会增加建议质量的其他信息来源,例如文本评论或用户和项目特征。此外,这些系统的大多数仅适用于小型数据集(数千个观察)并且无法处理大型数据集(具有数百万观察结果)。我们提出了一种推荐人算法,该算法将评级建模技术(即潜在因子模型)与基于文本评论(即潜在Dirichlet分配)的主题建模方法组合,并且我们扩展了算法,使其允许添加额外的用户和项目 - 对系统的特定信息。我们使用具有不同大小的Amazon.com数据集来评估算法的性能,对应于23个产品类别。将建筑模型与四种其他型号进行比较后,我们发现将患有评级的文本评语相结合,导致更好的建议。此外,我们发现为模型添加额外的用户和项目功能会提高其预测精度,这对于中型和大数据集尤其如此。
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随着人格计算的出现作为与人工智能和人格心理有关的新研究领域,我们目睹了一个前所未有的人格意识推荐系统的扩散。与传统推荐系统不同,这些新系统解决了传统问题,如冷启动和数据稀疏问题。该调查旨在研究和系统地分类人格意识推荐系统。据我们所知,这项调查是第一个重点关注人格意识推荐系统。通过比较其个性建模方法以及其推荐技术,我们探索了人格感知推荐系统的不同设计选择。此外,我们介绍了常用的数据集,并指出了人格感知推荐系统的一些挑战。
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神经网络嵌入的成功使人们对使用知识图进行各种机器学习和信息检索任务产生了重新兴趣。特别是,基于图形嵌入的当前建议方法已显示出最新的性能。这些方法通常编码潜在的评级模式和内容功能。与以前的工作不同,在本文中,我们建议利用从图表中提取的嵌入,这些嵌入结合了从评分中的信息和文本评论中表达的基于方面的意见。然后,我们根据亚马逊和Yelp评论在六个域上生成的图表调整和评估最新的图形嵌入技术,优于基线推荐器。我们的方法具有提供解释的优势,该解释利用了用户对推荐项目的基于方面的意见。此外,我们还提供了使用方面意见作为可视化仪表板中的解释的建议的适用性的示例,该说明允许获取有关从输入图的嵌入中获得的有关类似用户的最喜欢和最不喜欢的方面的信息。
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时尚推荐通常被拒绝,因为它是找到适合给定用户的查询服装或检索服装的互补物品的任务。在这项工作中,我们通过根据提议的敷料的样式添加附加语义层来解决问题。我们根据两个重要方面的样式建模:颜色组合图案背后隐藏的情绪和情感以及给定类型的社交事件所检索的服装的适当性。为了解决前者,我们依靠Shigenobu Kobayashi的颜色图像量表,这将情感模式和情绪与色彩三元组相关联。相反,通过从社交事件的图像中提取服装来分析后者。总体而言,我们集成了最先进的服装建议框架样式分类器和事件分类器,以便在给定的查询上建议建议。
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本文使用机器学习方法对建模用户行为进行建模的开放精算数学问题,以预测非寿命保险产品的购买意图。一家公司了解用户与其网站的互动是有价值的,因为它为消费者行为提供了丰富和个性化的洞察力。用户行为建模的大多数现有研究旨在解释或预测搜索引擎结果页面或在赞助搜索中估计点击率。这些模型基于关于网页的用户检测模式的概念和网页的项目表示。调查建模用户行为以预测商业网站的购买意图的问题,我们观察到用户的意图会产生高依赖,对用户如何在用户访问的不同网页的方式导航网站,什么样的网页用户互动,用户在每个网页上花了多少时间。灵感来自这些发现,我们提出了两种不同的方式代表用户会话的特征,导致了基于用户点击的购买预测的两个模型:一个基于馈送前向神经网络,另一个基于经常性神经网络。我们通过使用用户的人口统计特征将上述两种模型与模型进行比较,检查用户点击用户点击的歧视以预测购买意图。我们的实验结果表明,根据标准分类评估指标,我们的点击基础模型显着优于人口统计模型,并且基于用户点击的顺序表示的模型比基于点击特征工程的模型产生略大的性能。
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在这个大数据时代,当前一代很难从在线平台中包含的大量数据中找到正确的数据。在这种情况下,需要一个信息过滤系统,可以帮助他们找到所需的信息。近年来,出现了一个称为推荐系统的研究领域。推荐人变得重要,因为他们拥有许多现实生活应用。本文回顾了推荐系统在电子商务,电子商务,电子资源,电子政务,电子学习和电子生活中的不同技术和发展。通过分析有关该主题的最新工作,我们将能够详细概述当前的发展,并确定建议系统中的现有困难。最终结果为从业者和研究人员提供了对建议系统及其应用的必要指导和见解。
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推荐系统是机器学习系统的子类,它们采用复杂的信息过滤策略来减少搜索时间,并向任何特定用户建议最相关的项目。混合建议系统以不同的方式结合了多种建议策略,以从其互补的优势中受益。一些混合推荐系统已经结合了协作过滤和基于内容的方法来构建更强大的系统。在本文中,我们提出了一个混合推荐系统,该系统将基于最小二乘(ALS)的交替正方(ALS)的协作过滤与深度学习结合在一起,以增强建议性能,并克服与协作过滤方法相关的限制,尤其是关于其冷启动问题。本质上,我们使用ALS(协作过滤)的输出来影响深度神经网络(DNN)的建议,该建议结合了大数据处理框架中的特征,上下文,结构和顺序信息。我们已经进行了几项实验,以测试拟议混合体架构向潜在客户推荐智能手机的功效,并将其性能与其他开源推荐人进行比较。结果表明,所提出的系统的表现优于几个现有的混合推荐系统。
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用户嵌入(用户的矢量化表示)对于推荐系统至关重要。已经提出了许多方法来为用户构建代表性,以找到用于检索任务的类似项目,并且已被证明在工业推荐系统中也有效。最近,人们发现使用多个嵌入式代表用户的能力,希望每个嵌入代表用户对某个主题的兴趣。通过多息表示,重要的是要对用户对不同主题的喜好进行建模以及偏好如何随时间变化。但是,现有方法要么无法估算用户对每个利息的亲和力,要么不合理地假设每个用户的每一个利息随时间而逐渐消失,从而损害了候选人检索的召回。在本文中,我们提出了多功能偏好(MIP)模型,这种方法不仅可以通过更有效地使用用户的顺序参与来为用户产生多种利益因此,可以按比例地从每个利息中检索候选人。在各种工业规模的数据集上进行了广泛的实验,以证明我们方法的有效性。
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人类每天产生的exabytes数据,导致越来越需要对大数据带来的多标签学习的大挑战的新努力。例如,极端多标签分类是一个有效且快速增长的研究区域,可以处理具有极大数量的类或标签的分类任务;利用具有有限监督的大规模数据构建一个多标签分类模型对实际应用变得有价值。除此之外,如何收获深度学习的强大学习能力,有巨大努力,以更好地捕获多标签的标签依赖性学习,这是深入学习解决现实世界分类任务的关键。然而,有人指出,缺乏缺乏系统性研究,明确关注分析大数据时代的多标签学习的新兴趋势和新挑战。呼吁综合调查旨在满足这项任务和描绘未来的研究方向和新应用。
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最近,电子商务平台上的产品问题应答(PQA)引起了越来越幅度的关注,因为它可以作为智能的在线购物助理和改善客户购物体验。它的关键功能,自动回答的产品相关问题的生成,通过旨在在与问题相关的答案时产生内容保存。然而,现有方法忽略了PQA,即个性化的重要特征。提供相同的“完全总结”回答所有客户的回答不足,因为许多客户更愿意通过考虑自己的偏好对产品方面或信息需求的偏好来看待具有定制信息的个性化答案。为了解决这一挑战,我们提出了一种新颖的个性化答复生成方法(页面),具有多视角偏好建模,探讨了历史用户生成的内容,以模拟用户偏好,以在PQA中生成个性化答案。具体而言,我们首先将问题相关的用户历史作为外部知识作为模拟知识级用户偏好。然后我们利用高斯SoftMax分布模型来捕获潜在的方面级别用户偏好。最后,我们通过利用个人用户偏好和动态用户词汇表,开发一个角色感知指针网络以在内容和样式方面生成个性化答案。实验结果对现实世界电子商务QA数据集表明,所提出的方法通过生成信息和定制答案来表明现有方法,并显示电子商务中的答案可以从个性化中受益。
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社交媒体营销在向广泛的受众群体推广品牌和产品价值方面起着至关重要的作用。为了提高其广告收入,诸如Facebook广告之类的全球媒体购买平台不断减少品牌有机帖子的覆盖范围,推动品牌在付费媒体广告上花费更多。为了有效地运行有机和付费社交媒体营销,有必要了解受众,调整内容以适合其兴趣和在线行为,这是不可能大规模手动进行的。同时,各种人格类型分类方案(例如Myers-Briggs人格类型指标)使得通过以统一和结构化的方式对受众行为进行分类,可以在更广泛的范围内揭示人格特质和用户内容偏好之间的依赖性。研究界尚待深入研究这个问题,而到目前为止,尚未广泛使用和全面评估,而不同人格特征对内容建议准确性的影响水平尚未得到广泛的利用和全面评估。具体而言,在这项工作中,我们通过应用一种新型人格驱动的多视图内容推荐系统,研究人格特征对内容推荐模型的影响,称为人格内容营销推荐引擎或Persic。我们的实验结果和现实世界案例研究不仅表明Persic执行有效的人格驱动的多视图内容建议,而且还允许采用可行的数字广告策略建议,当部署时能够提高数字广告效率超过420 %与原始的人类指导方法相比。
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Recommender systems provide users with personalized suggestions for products or services. These systems often rely on Collaborating Filtering (CF), where past transactions are analyzed in order to establish connections between users and products. The two more successful approaches to CF are latent factor models, which directly profile both users and products, and neighborhood models, which analyze similarities between products or users. In this work we introduce some innovations to both approaches. The factor and neighborhood models can now be smoothly merged, thereby building a more accurate combined model. Further accuracy improvements are achieved by extending the models to exploit both explicit and implicit feedback by the users. The methods are tested on the Netflix data. Results are better than those previously published on that dataset. In addition, we suggest a new evaluation metric, which highlights the differences among methods, based on their performance at a top-K recommendation task.
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Recommender systems can strongly influence which information we see online, e.g., on social media, and thus impact our beliefs, decisions, and actions. At the same time, these systems can create substantial business value for different stakeholders. Given the growing potential impact of such AI-based systems on individuals, organizations, and society, questions of fairness have gained increased attention in recent years. However, research on fairness in recommender systems is still a developing area. In this survey, we first review the fundamental concepts and notions of fairness that were put forward in the area in the recent past. Afterward, through a review of more than 150 scholarly publications, we present an overview of how research in this field is currently operationalized, e.g., in terms of general research methodology, fairness measures, and algorithmic approaches. Overall, our analysis of recent works points to specific research gaps. In particular, we find that in many research works in computer science, very abstract problem operationalizations are prevalent, and questions of the underlying normative claims and what represents a fair recommendation in the context of a given application are often not discussed in depth. These observations call for more interdisciplinary research to address fairness in recommendation in a more comprehensive and impactful manner.
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