基于2D图像的3D对象的推理由于从不同方向查看对象引起的外观差异很大,因此具有挑战性。理想情况下,我们的模型将是对物体姿势变化的不变或等效的。不幸的是,对于2D图像输入,这通常是不可能的,因为我们没有一个先验模型,即在平面外对象旋转下如何改变图像。唯一的$ \ mathrm {so}(3)$ - 当前存在的模型需要点云输入而不是2D图像。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于Icosahedral群卷积的新型模型体系结构,即通过将输入图像投影到iCosahedron上,以$ \ mathrm {so(3)} $中的理由。由于此投影,该模型大致与$ \ mathrm {so}(3)$中的旋转大致相当。我们将此模型应用于对象构成估计任务,并发现它的表现优于合理的基准。
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本文提出了一种新的点云卷积结构,该结构学习了SE(3) - 等级功能。与现有的SE(3) - 等级网络相比,我们的设计轻巧,简单且灵活,可以合并到一般的点云学习网络中。我们通过为特征地图选择一个非常规域,在模型的复杂性和容量之间取得平衡。我们通过正确离散$ \ mathbb {r}^3 $来完全利用旋转对称性来进一步减少计算负载。此外,我们采用置换层从其商空间中恢复完整的SE(3)组。实验表明,我们的方法在各种任务中实现了可比或卓越的性能,同时消耗的内存和运行速度要比现有工作更快。所提出的方法可以在基于点云的各种实用应用中促进模棱两可的特征学习,并激发现实世界应用的Equivariant特征学习的未来发展。
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由于其在翻译下的增强/不变性,卷积网络成功。然而,在坐标系的旋转取向不会影响数据的含义(例如对象分类)的情况下,诸如图像,卷,形状或点云的可旋转数据需要在旋转下的增强/不变性处理。另一方面,在旋转很重要的情况下是必要的估计/处理旋转(例如运动估计)。最近在所有这些方面的方法和理论方面取得了进展。在这里,我们提供了2D和3D旋转(以及翻译)的现有方法的概述,以及识别它们之间的共性和链接。
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Coordinate-based implicit neural networks, or neural fields, have emerged as useful representations of shape and appearance in 3D computer vision. Despite advances however, it remains challenging to build neural fields for categories of objects without datasets like ShapeNet that provide canonicalized object instances that are consistently aligned for their 3D position and orientation (pose). We present Canonical Field Network (CaFi-Net), a self-supervised method to canonicalize the 3D pose of instances from an object category represented as neural fields, specifically neural radiance fields (NeRFs). CaFi-Net directly learns from continuous and noisy radiance fields using a Siamese network architecture that is designed to extract equivariant field features for category-level canonicalization. During inference, our method takes pre-trained neural radiance fields of novel object instances at arbitrary 3D pose, and estimates a canonical field with consistent 3D pose across the entire category. Extensive experiments on a new dataset of 1300 NeRF models across 13 object categories show that our method matches or exceeds the performance of 3D point cloud-based methods.
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从RGB-D图像中对刚性对象的6D姿势估计对于机器人技术中的对象抓握和操纵至关重要。尽管RGB通道和深度(d)通道通常是互补的,分别提供了外观和几何信息,但如何完全从两个跨模式数据中完全受益仍然是非平凡的。从简单而新的观察结果来看,当对象旋转时,其语义标签是姿势不变的,而其关键点偏移方向是姿势的变体。为此,我们提出了So(3)pose,这是一个新的表示学习网络,可以探索SO(3)equivariant和So(3) - 从深度通道中进行姿势估计的特征。 SO(3) - 激素特征有助于学习更独特的表示,以分割来自RGB通道外观相似的对象。 SO(3) - 等级特征与RGB功能通信,以推导(缺失的)几何形状,以检测从深度通道的反射表面的对象的关键点。与大多数现有的姿势估计方法不同,我们的SO(3) - 不仅可以实现RGB和深度渠道之间的信息通信,而且自然会吸收SO(3) - 等级的几何学知识,从深度图像中,导致更好的外观和更好的外观和更好几何表示学习。综合实验表明,我们的方法在三个基准测试中实现了最先进的性能。
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The principle of equivariance to symmetry transformations enables a theoretically grounded approach to neural network architecture design. Equivariant networks have shown excellent performance and data efficiency on vision and medical imaging problems that exhibit symmetries. Here we show how this principle can be extended beyond global symmetries to local gauge transformations. This enables the development of a very general class of convolutional neural networks on manifolds that depend only on the intrinsic geometry, and which includes many popular methods from equivariant and geometric deep learning.We implement gauge equivariant CNNs for signals defined on the surface of the icosahedron, which provides a reasonable approximation of the sphere. By choosing to work with this very regular manifold, we are able to implement the gauge equivariant convolution using a single conv2d call, making it a highly scalable and practical alternative to Spherical CNNs. Using this method, we demonstrate substantial improvements over previous methods on the task of segmenting omnidirectional images and global climate patterns.
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Point cloud learning has lately attracted increasing attention due to its wide applications in many areas, such as computer vision, autonomous driving, and robotics. As a dominating technique in AI, deep learning has been successfully used to solve various 2D vision problems. However, deep learning on point clouds is still in its infancy due to the unique challenges faced by the processing of point clouds with deep neural networks. Recently, deep learning on point clouds has become even thriving, with numerous methods being proposed to address different problems in this area. To stimulate future research, this paper presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in deep learning methods for point clouds. It covers three major tasks, including 3D shape classification, 3D object detection and tracking, and 3D point cloud segmentation. It also presents comparative results on several publicly available datasets, together with insightful observations and inspiring future research directions.
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运输网是最近提出的选择框架,可以从很少的专家演示中学习良好的操纵政策。转运蛋白网络如此有效的一个关键原因是,该模型将旋转模棱两可纳入挑选模块,即,该模型立即将学习的挑选知识概括为不同方向上显示的对象。本文提出了一种新颖的运输网络网络,该版本与拾音器和位置方向一样。结果,我们的模型除了像以前一样概括选择知识之外,立即将知识放置在不同的位置方向上。最终,我们的新模型比基线转运蛋白网模型更有效地有效,并且取得成功率更好。
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本文提出了一种可对应的点云旋转登记的方法。我们学习为每个点云嵌入保留所以(3)-equivariance属性的特征空间中的嵌入,通过最近的Quifariant神经网络的开发启用。所提出的形状登记方法通过用隐含形状模型结合等分性的特征学习来实现三个主要优点。首先,由于网络架构中类似于PointNet的网络体系结构中的置换不变性,因此删除了数据关联的必要性。其次,由于SO(3)的性能,可以使用喇叭的方法以闭合形式来解决特征空间中的注册。第三,由于注册和隐含形状重建的联合培训,注册对点云中的噪声强大。实验结果显示出优异的性能与现有的无对应的深层登记方法相比。
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点云分析没有姿势前导者在真实应用中非常具有挑战性,因为点云的方向往往是未知的。在本文中,我们提出了一个全新的点集学习框架prin,即点亮旋转不变网络,专注于点云分析中的旋转不变特征提取。我们通过密度意识的自适应采样构建球形信号,以处理球形空间中的扭曲点分布。提出了球形Voxel卷积和点重新采样以提取每个点的旋转不变特征。此外,我们将Prin扩展到称为Sprin的稀疏版本,直接在稀疏点云上运行。 Prin和Sprin都可以应用于从对象分类,部分分割到3D特征匹配和标签对齐的任务。结果表明,在随机旋转点云的数据集上,Sprin比无任何数据增强的最先进方法表现出更好的性能。我们还为我们的方法提供了彻底的理论证明和分析,以实现我们的方法实现的点明智的旋转不变性。我们的代码可在https://github.com/qq456cvb/sprin上找到。
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We introduce Group equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (G-CNNs), a natural generalization of convolutional neural networks that reduces sample complexity by exploiting symmetries. G-CNNs use G-convolutions, a new type of layer that enjoys a substantially higher degree of weight sharing than regular convolution layers. G-convolutions increase the expressive capacity of the network without increasing the number of parameters. Group convolution layers are easy to use and can be implemented with negligible computational overhead for discrete groups generated by translations, reflections and rotations. G-CNNs achieve state of the art results on CI-FAR10 and rotated MNIST.
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合并对称性可以通过定义通过转换相关的数据样本的等效类别来导致高度数据效率和可推广的模型。但是,表征转换如何在输入数据上作用通常很困难,从而限制了模型模型的适用性。我们提出了编码输入空间(例如图像)的学习对称嵌入网络(SENS),我们不知道转换的效果(例如旋转),以在这些操作下以已知方式转换的特征空间。可以通过模棱两可的任务网络端对端训练该网络,以学习明确的对称表示。我们在具有3种不同形式的对称形式的模棱两可的过渡模型的背景下验证了这种方法。我们的实验表明,SENS有助于将模棱两可的网络应用于具有复杂对称表示的数据。此外,相对于全等级和非等价基线的准确性和泛化可以提高准确性和概括。
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在这项工作中,我们调查如何实现方面,以纯粹来自数据的平台输入变换,而不会被赋予那些转换的模型。例如,卷积神经网络(CNNS)是对图像转换的等意识别,可以容易地建模的变换(通过垂直或水平地移动像素)。其他转换,例如外平面旋转,不承认一个简单的分析模型。我们提出了一种自动编码器架构,其嵌入了obeeys同时嵌入了一组任意的标准关系,例如翻译,旋转,颜色变化以及许多其他。这意味着它可以拍摄输入图像,并产生由之前未观察到的给定金额的版本(例如,相同对象的不同观点或颜色变化)。尽管延伸到许多(甚至是非几何)转换,但我们的模型在翻译标准规范的特殊情况下完全缩短了CNN。协调对深度网络的可解释性和稳健性是重要的,并且我们证明了在几个合成和实际数据集上成功重新渲染的输入图像的转换版本的结果,以及对象姿态估计的结果。
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卷积神经网络(CNNS)非常有效,因为它们利用自然图像的固有转换不变性。但是,翻译只是无数的有用空间转换之一。在考虑其他空间的侵犯侵犯性时可以获得相同的效率吗?过去已经考虑过这种广义综合,但以高计算成本为例。我们展示了一个简单和精确的建筑,但标准卷积具有相同的计算复杂性。它由一个恒定的图像扭曲,后跟一个简单的卷积,这是深度学习工具箱中的标准块。通过精心制作的经线,所产生的架构可以使成功的架构成为各种各样的双参数空间转换。我们展示了令人鼓舞的现实情景结果,包括谷歌地球数据集(旋转和缩放)中车辆姿势的估计,并且面部在野外注释的面部地标中的面部姿势(在透视下的3D旋转)。
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Steerable convolutional neural networks (CNNs) provide a general framework for building neural networks equivariant to translations and other transformations belonging to an origin-preserving group $G$, such as reflections and rotations. They rely on standard convolutions with $G$-steerable kernels obtained by analytically solving the group-specific equivariance constraint imposed onto the kernel space. As the solution is tailored to a particular group $G$, the implementation of a kernel basis does not generalize to other symmetry transformations, which complicates the development of group equivariant models. We propose using implicit neural representation via multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to parameterize $G$-steerable kernels. The resulting framework offers a simple and flexible way to implement Steerable CNNs and generalizes to any group $G$ for which a $G$-equivariant MLP can be built. We apply our method to point cloud (ModelNet-40) and molecular data (QM9) and demonstrate a significant improvement in performance compared to standard Steerable CNNs.
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Estimating 6D poses of objects from images is an important problem in various applications such as robot manipulation and virtual reality. While direct regression of images to object poses has limited accuracy, matching rendered images of an object against the input image can produce accurate results. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network for 6D pose matching named DeepIM. Given an initial pose estimation, our network is able to iteratively refine the pose by matching the rendered image against the observed image. The network is trained to predict a relative pose transformation using a disentangled representation of 3D location and 3D orientation and an iterative training process. Experiments on two commonly used benchmarks for 6D pose estimation demonstrate that DeepIM achieves large improvements over stateof-the-art methods. We furthermore show that DeepIM is able to match previously unseen objects.
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模棱两可的神经网络,其隐藏的特征根据G组作用于数据的表示,表现出训练效率和提高的概括性能。在这项工作中,我们将群体不变和模棱两可的表示学习扩展到无监督的深度学习领域。我们根据编码器框架提出了一种通用学习策略,其中潜在表示以不变的术语和模棱两可的组动作组件分开。关键的想法是,网络学会通过学习预测适当的小组操作来对齐输入和输出姿势以解决重建任务的适当组动作来编码和从组不变表示形式进行编码和解码数据。我们在Equivariant编码器上得出必要的条件,并提出了对任何G(离散且连续的)有效的构造。我们明确描述了我们的旋转,翻译和排列的构造。我们在采用不同网络体系结构的各种数据类型的各种实验中测试了方法的有效性和鲁棒性。
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定义网格上卷积的常用方法是将它们作为图形解释并应用图形卷积网络(GCN)。这种GCNS利用各向同性核,因此对顶点的相对取向不敏感,从而对整个网格的几何形状。我们提出了规范的等分性网状CNN,它概括了GCNS施加各向异性仪表等级核。由于产生的特征携带方向信息,我们引入了通过网格边缘并行传输特征来定义的几何消息传递方案。我们的实验验证了常规GCN和其他方法的提出模型的显着提高的表达性。
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Understanding the 3D world without supervision is currently a major challenge in computer vision as the annotations required to supervise deep networks for tasks in this domain are expensive to obtain on a large scale. In this paper, we address the problem of unsupervised viewpoint estimation. We formulate this as a self-supervised learning task, where image reconstruction provides the supervision needed to predict the camera viewpoint. Specifically, we make use of pairs of images of the same object at training time, from unknown viewpoints, to self-supervise training by combining the viewpoint information from one image with the appearance information from the other. We demonstrate that using a perspective spatial transformer allows efficient viewpoint learning, outperforming existing unsupervised approaches on synthetic data, and obtains competitive results on the challenging PASCAL3D+ dataset.
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我们开发了一种从2D RGB图像生成3D手网格的旋转等级模型。这保证了当手的输入图像旋转时,所生成的网格经历相应的旋转。此外,这消除了经常通过无旋转标准天例的方法产生的网格中的不希望的变形。通过构建旋转等级模型,通过考虑问题的对称性,我们减少了对非常大的数据集训练的需求,以实现良好的网格重建。编码器在$ \ mathbb {z} ^ {2} $上定义的图像,并将这些映射到组$ c_ {8} $上定义的潜在函数。我们介绍了一种新颖的向量映射函数来将以$ c_ {8} $定义的函数映射到组$ \ mathrm {so}(2)$上定义的潜在点云空间。此外,我们介绍了一种3D投影函数,它从$ \ mathrm {so}(2)$潜空间中学习3D功能。最后,我们使用$ \ mathrm {so}(3)$ arifariant解码器,以确保旋转标准。我们的旋转设备模型优于现实世界数据集的最先进方法,我们证明它可以准确地捕获在输入手的旋转下产生的网格中的形状和姿势。
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