在许多重要的科学和工程应用中发现了卷数据。渲染此数据以高质量和交互速率为苛刻的应用程序(例如虚拟现实)的可视化化,即使使用专业级硬件也无法实现。我们介绍了Fovolnet - 一种可显着提高数量数据可视化的性能的方法。我们开发了一种具有成本效益的渲染管道,该管道稀疏地对焦点进行了量度,并使用深层神经网络重建了全帧。 FOVEATED渲染是一种优先考虑用户焦点渲染计算的技术。这种方法利用人类视觉系统的属性,从而在用户视野的外围呈现数据时节省了计算资源。我们的重建网络结合了直接和内核预测方法,以产生快速,稳定和感知令人信服的输出。凭借纤细的设计和量化的使用,我们的方法在端到端框架时间和视觉质量中都优于最先进的神经重建技术。我们对系统的渲染性能,推理速度和感知属性进行了广泛的评估,并提供了与竞争神经图像重建技术的比较。我们的测试结果表明,Fovolnet始终在保持感知质量的同时,在传统渲染上节省了大量时间。
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To generate high quality rendering images for real time applications, it is often to trace only a few samples-per-pixel (spp) at a lower resolution and then supersample to the high resolution. Based on the observation that the rendered pixels at a low resolution are typically highly aliased, we present a novel method for neural supersampling based on ray tracing 1/4-spp samples at the high resolution. Our key insight is that the ray-traced samples at the target resolution are accurate and reliable, which makes the supersampling an interpolation problem. We present a mask-reinforced neural network to reconstruct and interpolate high-quality image sequences. First, a novel temporal accumulation network is introduced to compute the correlation between current and previous features to significantly improve their temporal stability. Then a reconstruct network based on a multi-scale U-Net with skip connections is adopted for reconstruction and generation of the desired high-resolution image. Experimental results and comparisons have shown that our proposed method can generate higher quality results of supersampling, without increasing the total number of ray-tracing samples, over current state-of-the-art methods.
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神经网络在压缩体积数据以进行科学可视化方面表现出巨大的潜力。但是,由于训练和推断的高成本,此类体积神经表示仅应用于离线数据处理和非交互式渲染。在本文中,我们证明,通过同时利用现代的GPU张量核心,本地CUDA神经网络框架以及在线培训,我们可以使用体积神经表示来实现高性能和高效率交互式射线追踪。此外,我们的方法是完全概括的,可以适应时变的数据集。我们提出了三种用于在线培训的策略,每种策略都利用GPU,CPU和核心流程技术的不同组合。我们还开发了三个渲染实现,允许交互式射线跟踪与实时卷解码,示例流和幕后神经网络推断相结合。我们证明,我们的体积神经表示可以扩展到Terascale,以进行常规网格体积可视化,并可以轻松地支持不规则的数据结构,例如OpenVDB,非结构化,AMR和粒子体积数据。
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Physically based rendering of complex scenes can be prohibitively costly with a potentially unbounded and uneven distribution of complexity across the rendered image. The goal of an ideal level of detail (LoD) method is to make rendering costs independent of the 3D scene complexity, while preserving the appearance of the scene. However, current prefiltering LoD methods are limited in the appearances they can support due to their reliance of approximate models and other heuristics. We propose the first comprehensive multi-scale LoD framework for prefiltering 3D environments with complex geometry and materials (e.g., the Disney BRDF), while maintaining the appearance with respect to the ray-traced reference. Using a multi-scale hierarchy of the scene, we perform a data-driven prefiltering step to obtain an appearance phase function and directional coverage mask at each scale. At the heart of our approach is a novel neural representation that encodes this information into a compact latent form that is easy to decode inside a physically based renderer. Once a scene is baked out, our method requires no original geometry, materials, or textures at render time. We demonstrate that our approach compares favorably to state-of-the-art prefiltering methods and achieves considerable savings in memory for complex scenes.
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尽管神经场景表示的潜力能够在高重建质量下有效压缩3D标量场,但使用场景表示网络的训练和数据重建步骤的计算复杂性限制了它们在实际应用中的使用。在本文中,我们分析了是否可以修改场景表示网络以减少这些限制以及这些架构是否也可以用于时间重建任务。我们提出了一种使用GPU Tensor核心的场景表示网络设计,将重建无缝化为片上芯片的横梁内核。此外,我们调查使用图像引导网络培训作为典型数据驱动方法的替代方案,我们探索了这种替代品质量和速度的潜在优势和缺点。作为时变字段的空间超分辨率方法的替代方案,我们提出了一种在潜在空间插值上建立的解决方案,以使任意粒度的随机访问重建。我们以评估科学可视化任务和概述未来研究方向的现场代表网络的优势和局限性的形式总结了我们的调查结果。
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Fast and easy handheld capture with guideline: closest object moves at most D pixels between views Promote sampled views to local light field via layered scene representation Blend neighboring local light fields to render novel views
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可区分渲染的最新进展已实现了从多视图图像中对3D场景的高质量重建。大多数方法都依赖于简单渲染算法:预滤波的直接照明或学习的辐照度表示。我们表明,更现实的阴影模型,结合了射线追踪和蒙特卡洛整合,大大改善了形状,材料和照明的分解。不幸的是,即使在大型样本计数下,蒙特卡洛集成也能提供巨大的噪音,这使得基于梯度的逆渲染非常具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题,我们将多重重要性采样和降解纳入新的逆渲染管道中。这显着改善了收敛性,并在低样本计数下实现了基于梯度的优化。我们提出了一种有效的方法,可以共同重建几何形状(显式三角形网格),材料和照明,与以前的工作相比,它显着改善了材料和光分离。我们认为,Denoising可以成为高质量逆渲染管道的组成部分。
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可以通过定期预测未来的框架以增强虚拟现实应用程序中的用户体验,从而解决了低计算设备上图形渲染高帧速率视频的挑战。这是通过时间视图合成(TVS)的问题来研究的,该问题的目标是预测给定上一个帧的视频的下一个帧以及上一个和下一个帧的头部姿势。在这项工作中,我们考虑了用户和对象正在移动的动态场景的电视。我们设计了一个将运动解散到用户和对象运动中的框架,以在预测下一帧的同时有效地使用可用的用户运动。我们通过隔离和估计过去框架的3D对象运动,然后推断它来预测对象的运动。我们使用多平面图像(MPI)作为场景的3D表示,并将对象运动作为MPI表示中相应点之间的3D位移建模。为了在估计运动时处理MPI中的稀疏性,我们将部分卷积和掩盖的相关层纳入了相应的点。然后将预测的对象运动与给定的用户或相机运动集成在一起,以生成下一帧。使用不合格的填充模块,我们合成由于相机和对象运动而发现的区域。我们为动态场景的电视开发了一个新的合成数据集,该数据集由800个以全高清分辨率组成的视频组成。我们通过数据集和MPI Sintel数据集上的实验表明我们的模型优于文献中的所有竞争方法。
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综合照片 - 现实图像和视频是计算机图形的核心,并且是几十年的研究焦点。传统上,使用渲染算法(如光栅化或射线跟踪)生成场景的合成图像,其将几何形状和材料属性的表示为输入。统称,这些输入定义了实际场景和呈现的内容,并且被称为场景表示(其中场景由一个或多个对象组成)。示例场景表示是具有附带纹理的三角形网格(例如,由艺术家创建),点云(例如,来自深度传感器),体积网格(例如,来自CT扫描)或隐式曲面函数(例如,截短的符号距离)字段)。使用可分辨率渲染损耗的观察结果的这种场景表示的重建被称为逆图形或反向渲染。神经渲染密切相关,并将思想与经典计算机图形和机器学习中的思想相结合,以创建用于合成来自真实观察图像的图像的算法。神经渲染是朝向合成照片现实图像和视频内容的目标的跨越。近年来,我们通过数百个出版物显示了这一领域的巨大进展,这些出版物显示了将被动组件注入渲染管道的不同方式。这种最先进的神经渲染进步的报告侧重于将经典渲染原则与学习的3D场景表示结合的方法,通常现在被称为神经场景表示。这些方法的一个关键优势在于它们是通过设计的3D-一致,使诸如新颖的视点合成捕获场景的应用。除了处理静态场景的方法外,我们还涵盖了用于建模非刚性变形对象的神经场景表示...
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3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis of dynamic scenes from collections of single views recently gained increased attention. Existing work shows impressive results for synthetic setups and forward-facing real-world data, but is severely limited in the training speed and angular range for generating novel views. This paper addresses these limitations and proposes a new method for full 360{\deg} novel view synthesis of non-rigidly deforming scenes. At the core of our method are: 1) An efficient deformation module that decouples the processing of spatial and temporal information for acceleration at training and inference time; and 2) A static module representing the canonical scene as a fast hash-encoded neural radiance field. We evaluate the proposed approach on the established synthetic D-NeRF benchmark, that enables efficient reconstruction from a single monocular view per time-frame randomly sampled from a full hemisphere. We refer to this form of inputs as monocularized data. To prove its practicality for real-world scenarios, we recorded twelve challenging sequences with human actors by sampling single frames from a synchronized multi-view rig. In both cases, our method is trained significantly faster than previous methods (minutes instead of days) while achieving higher visual accuracy for generated novel views. Our source code and data is available at our project page https://graphics.tu-bs.de/publications/kappel2022fast.
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基于DNN的框架插值从两个连续的帧中生成中间帧,通常取决于具有大量功能的模型体系结构,从而阻止其在具有有限资源的系统(例如移动设备)上部署。我们提出了一种用于框架插值的压缩驱动的网络设计,该设计通过稀疏性诱导优化来利用模型,以大大降低模型大小,同时达到更高的性能。具体而言,我们首先压缩了最近提出的ADACOF模型,并证明了10次压缩ADACOF的性能类似于其原始对应物,在各种超参数设置下,对使用layerwise稀疏信息作为指导的不同策略进行了全面研究。然后,我们通过引入一个多分辨率翘曲模块来增强这种压缩模型,从而提高了视觉一致性,并通过多层次的细节来提高视觉一致性。结果,我们通过原始AdaCof的四分之一获得了可观的性能增长。此外,我们的模型在各种数据集上对其他最先进的方法都表现出色。我们注意到,建议的压缩驱动框​​架是通用的,可以轻松地传输到其他基于DNN的框架插值算法中。源代码可在https://github.com/tding1/cdfi上获得。
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Neural volumetric representations have become a widely adopted model for radiance fields in 3D scenes. These representations are fully implicit or hybrid function approximators of the instantaneous volumetric radiance in a scene, which are typically learned from multi-view captures of the scene. We investigate the new task of neural volume super-resolution - rendering high-resolution views corresponding to a scene captured at low resolution. To this end, we propose a neural super-resolution network that operates directly on the volumetric representation of the scene. This approach allows us to exploit an advantage of operating in the volumetric domain, namely the ability to guarantee consistent super-resolution across different viewing directions. To realize our method, we devise a novel 3D representation that hinges on multiple 2D feature planes. This allows us to super-resolve the 3D scene representation by applying 2D convolutional networks on the 2D feature planes. We validate the proposed method's capability of super-resolving multi-view consistent views both quantitatively and qualitatively on a diverse set of unseen 3D scenes, demonstrating a significant advantage over existing approaches.
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隐式神经表示(INR)被出现为代表信号的强大范例,例如图像,视频,3D形状等。尽管它已经示出了能够表示精细细节的能力,但其效率尚未得到广泛研究数据表示。在INR中,数据以神经网络的参数的形式存储,并且通用优化算法通常不会利用信号中的空间和时间冗余。在本文中,我们建议通过明确地删除数据冗余来表示和压缩视频的新型INR方法。我们提出了跨视频帧和残差的主体剩余流场(NRFF)而不是存储原始RGB颜色,而不是存储原始RGB颜色。维护通常更光滑和更复杂的运动信息,比原始信号更少,需要更少的参数。此外,重用冗余像素值进一步提高了网络参数效率。实验结果表明,所提出的方法优于基线方法的显着边际。代码可用于https://github.com/daniel03c1/eff_video_repruseentation。
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传统上,本征成像或内在图像分解被描述为将图像分解为两层:反射率,材料的反射率;和一个阴影,由光和几何之间的相互作用产生。近年来,深入学习技术已广泛应用,以提高这些分离的准确性。在本调查中,我们概述了那些在知名内在图像数据集和文献中使用的相关度量的结果,讨论了预测所需的内在图像分解的适用性。虽然Lambertian的假设仍然是许多方法的基础,但我们表明,对图像形成过程更复杂的物理原理组件的潜力越来越意识到,这是光学准确的材料模型和几何形状,更完整的逆轻型运输估计。考虑使用的前瞻和模型以及驾驶分解过程的学习架构和方法,我们将这些方法分类为分解的类型。考虑到最近神经,逆和可微分的渲染技术的进步,我们还提供了关于未来研究方向的见解。
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图像超分辨率(SR)是重要的图像处理方法之一,可改善计算机视野领域的图像分辨率。在过去的二十年中,在超级分辨率领域取得了重大进展,尤其是通过使用深度学习方法。这项调查是为了在深度学习的角度进行详细的调查,对单像超分辨率的最新进展进行详细的调查,同时还将告知图像超分辨率的初始经典方法。该调查将图像SR方法分类为四个类别,即经典方法,基于学习的方法,无监督学习的方法和特定领域的SR方法。我们还介绍了SR的问题,以提供有关图像质量指标,可用参考数据集和SR挑战的直觉。使用参考数据集评估基于深度学习的方法。一些审查的最先进的图像SR方法包括增强的深SR网络(EDSR),周期循环gan(Cincgan),多尺度残留网络(MSRN),Meta残留密度网络(META-RDN) ,反复反射网络(RBPN),二阶注意网络(SAN),SR反馈网络(SRFBN)和基于小波的残留注意网络(WRAN)。最后,这项调查以研究人员将解决SR的未来方向和趋势和开放问题的未来方向和趋势。
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我们人类正在进入虚拟时代,确实想将动物带到虚拟世界中。然而,计算机生成的(CGI)毛茸茸的动物受到乏味的离线渲染的限制,更不用说交互式运动控制了。在本文中,我们提出了Artemis,这是一种新型的神经建模和渲染管道,用于生成具有外观和运动合成的清晰神经宠物。我们的Artemis可以实现互动运动控制,实时动画和毛茸茸的动物的照片真实渲染。我们的Artemis的核心是神经生成的(NGI)动物引擎,该动物发动机采用了有效的基于OCTREE的动物动画和毛皮渲染的代表。然后,该动画等同于基于显式骨骼翘曲的体素级变形。我们进一步使用快速的OCTREE索引和有效的体积渲染方案来生成外观和密度特征地图。最后,我们提出了一个新颖的阴影网络,以在外观和密度特征图中生成外观和不透明度的高保真细节。对于Artemis中的运动控制模块,我们将最新动物运动捕获方法与最近的神经特征控制方案相结合。我们引入了一种有效的优化方案,以重建由多视图RGB和Vicon相机阵列捕获的真实动物的骨骼运动。我们将所有捕获的运动馈送到神经角色控制方案中,以生成具有运动样式的抽象控制信号。我们将Artemis进一步整合到支持VR耳机的现有引擎中,提供了前所未有的沉浸式体验,用户可以与各种具有生动动作和光真实外观的虚拟动物进行紧密互动。我们可以通过https://haiminluo.github.io/publication/artemis/提供我们的Artemis模型和动态毛茸茸的动物数据集。
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Block based motion estimation is integral to inter prediction processes performed in hybrid video codecs. Prevalent block matching based methods that are used to compute block motion vectors (MVs) rely on computationally intensive search procedures. They also suffer from the aperture problem, which can worsen as the block size is reduced. Moreover, the block matching criteria used in typical codecs do not account for the resulting levels of perceptual quality of the motion compensated pictures that are created upon decoding. Towards achieving the elusive goal of perceptually optimized motion estimation, we propose a search-free block motion estimation framework using a multi-stage convolutional neural network, which is able to conduct motion estimation on multiple block sizes simultaneously, using a triplet of frames as input. This composite block translation network (CBT-Net) is trained in a self-supervised manner on a large database that we created from publicly available uncompressed video content. We deploy the multi-scale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) loss function to optimize the perceptual quality of the motion compensated predicted frames. Our experimental results highlight the computational efficiency of our proposed model relative to conventional block matching based motion estimation algorithms, for comparable prediction errors. Further, when used to perform inter prediction in AV1, the MV predictions of the perceptually optimized model result in average Bjontegaard-delta rate (BD-rate) improvements of -1.70% and -1.52% with respect to the MS-SSIM and Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion (VMAF) quality metrics, respectively as compared to the block matching based motion estimation system employed in the SVT-AV1 encoder.
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where the highest resolution is required, using facial performance capture as a case in point.
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Image view synthesis has seen great success in reconstructing photorealistic visuals, thanks to deep learning and various novel representations. The next key step in immersive virtual experiences is view synthesis of dynamic scenes. However, several challenges exist due to the lack of high-quality training datasets, and the additional time dimension for videos of dynamic scenes. To address this issue, we introduce a multi-view video dataset, captured with a custom 10-camera rig in 120FPS. The dataset contains 96 high-quality scenes showing various visual effects and human interactions in outdoor scenes. We develop a new algorithm, Deep 3D Mask Volume, which enables temporally-stable view extrapolation from binocular videos of dynamic scenes, captured by static cameras. Our algorithm addresses the temporal inconsistency of disocclusions by identifying the error-prone areas with a 3D mask volume, and replaces them with static background observed throughout the video. Our method enables manipulation in 3D space as opposed to simple 2D masks, We demonstrate better temporal stability than frame-by-frame static view synthesis methods, or those that use 2D masks. The resulting view synthesis videos show minimal flickering artifacts and allow for larger translational movements.
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Figure 1. Given a monocular image sequence, NR-NeRF reconstructs a single canonical neural radiance field to represent geometry and appearance, and a per-time-step deformation field. We can render the scene into a novel spatio-temporal camera trajectory that significantly differs from the input trajectory. NR-NeRF also learns rigidity scores and correspondences without direct supervision on either. We can use the rigidity scores to remove the foreground, we can supersample along the time dimension, and we can exaggerate or dampen motion.
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