A key technical challenge in performing 6D object pose estimation from RGB-D image is to fully leverage the two complementary data sources. Prior works either extract information from the RGB image and depth separately or use costly post-processing steps, limiting their performances in highly cluttered scenes and real-time applications. In this work, we present DenseFusion, a generic framework for estimating 6D pose of a set of known objects from RGB-D images. DenseFusion is a heterogeneous architecture that processes the two data sources individually and uses a novel dense fusion network to extract pixel-wise dense feature embedding, from which the pose is estimated. Furthermore, we integrate an end-to-end iterative pose refinement procedure that further improves the pose estimation while achieving near real-time inference. Our experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in two datasets, YCB-Video and LineMOD. We also deploy our proposed method to a real robot to grasp and manipulate objects based on the estimated pose. Our code and video are available at https://sites.google.com/view/densefusion/.
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6D object pose estimation has been a research topic in the field of computer vision and robotics. Many modern world applications like robot grasping, manipulation, autonomous navigation etc, require the correct pose of objects present in a scene to perform their specific task. It becomes even harder when the objects are placed in a cluttered scene and the level of occlusion is high. Prior works have tried to overcome this problem but could not achieve accuracy that can be considered reliable in real-world applications. In this paper, we present an architecture that, unlike prior work, is context-aware. It utilizes the context information available to us about the objects. Our proposed architecture treats the objects separately according to their types i.e; symmetric and non-symmetric. A deeper estimator and refiner network pair is used for non-symmetric objects as compared to symmetric due to their intrinsic differences. Our experiments show an enhancement in the accuracy of about 3.2% over the LineMOD dataset, which is considered a benchmark for pose estimation in the occluded and cluttered scenes, against the prior state-of-the-art DenseFusion. Our results also show that the inference time we got is sufficient for real-time usage.
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估计对象的6D姿势是必不可少的计算机视觉任务。但是,大多数常规方法从单个角度依赖相机数据,因此遭受遮挡。我们通过称为MV6D的新型多视图6D姿势估计方法克服了这个问题,该方法从多个角度根据RGB-D图像准确地预测了混乱场景中所有对象的6D姿势。我们将方法以PVN3D网络为基础,该网络使用单个RGB-D图像来预测目标对象的关键点。我们通过从多个视图中使用组合点云来扩展此方法,并将每个视图中的图像与密集层层融合。与当前的多视图检测网络(例如Cosypose)相反,我们的MV6D可以以端到端的方式学习多个观点的融合,并且不需要多个预测阶段或随后对预测的微调。此外,我们介绍了三个新颖的影像学数据集,这些数据集具有沉重的遮挡的混乱场景。所有这些都从多个角度包含RGB-D图像,例如语义分割和6D姿势估计。即使在摄像头不正确的情况下,MV6D也明显优于多视图6D姿势估计中最新的姿势估计。此外,我们表明我们的方法对动态相机设置具有强大的态度,并且其准确性随着越来越多的观点而逐渐增加。
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对象姿态估计有多个重要应用,例如机器人抓握和增强现实。我们提出了一种估计了提高当前提案的准确性的6D对象的6D姿势,仍然可以实时使用。我们的方法使用RGB-D数据作为段对象的输入并估计它们的姿势。它使用具有多个头部的神经网络,一个头估计对象分类并生成掩码,第二估计转换向量的值,最后一个头估计表示对象旋转的四元轴的值。这些头部利用特征提取和特征融合期间使用的金字塔架构。我们的方法可以实时使用,其低推理时间为0.12秒并具有高精度。通过这种快速推理和良好准确性的组合,可以在机器人挑选和放置任务和/或增强现实应用中使用我们的方法。
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从RGB-D图像中对刚性对象的6D姿势估计对于机器人技术中的对象抓握和操纵至关重要。尽管RGB通道和深度(d)通道通常是互补的,分别提供了外观和几何信息,但如何完全从两个跨模式数据中完全受益仍然是非平凡的。从简单而新的观察结果来看,当对象旋转时,其语义标签是姿势不变的,而其关键点偏移方向是姿势的变体。为此,我们提出了So(3)pose,这是一个新的表示学习网络,可以探索SO(3)equivariant和So(3) - 从深度通道中进行姿势估计的特征。 SO(3) - 激素特征有助于学习更独特的表示,以分割来自RGB通道外观相似的对象。 SO(3) - 等级特征与RGB功能通信,以推导(缺失的)几何形状,以检测从深度通道的反射表面的对象的关键点。与大多数现有的姿势估计方法不同,我们的SO(3) - 不仅可以实现RGB和深度渠道之间的信息通信,而且自然会吸收SO(3) - 等级的几何学知识,从深度图像中,导致更好的外观和更好的外观和更好几何表示学习。综合实验表明,我们的方法在三个基准测试中实现了最先进的性能。
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Estimating 6D poses of objects from images is an important problem in various applications such as robot manipulation and virtual reality. While direct regression of images to object poses has limited accuracy, matching rendered images of an object against the input image can produce accurate results. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network for 6D pose matching named DeepIM. Given an initial pose estimation, our network is able to iteratively refine the pose by matching the rendered image against the observed image. The network is trained to predict a relative pose transformation using a disentangled representation of 3D location and 3D orientation and an iterative training process. Experiments on two commonly used benchmarks for 6D pose estimation demonstrate that DeepIM achieves large improvements over stateof-the-art methods. We furthermore show that DeepIM is able to match previously unseen objects.
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Estimating the 6D pose of known objects is important for robots to interact with the real world. The problem is challenging due to the variety of objects as well as the complexity of a scene caused by clutter and occlusions between objects. In this work, we introduce PoseCNN, a new Convolutional Neural Network for 6D object pose estimation. PoseCNN estimates the 3D translation of an object by localizing its center in the image and predicting its distance from the camera. The 3D rotation of the object is estimated by regressing to a quaternion representation. We also introduce a novel loss function that enables PoseCNN to handle symmetric objects. In addition, we contribute a large scale video dataset for 6D object pose estimation named the YCB-Video dataset. Our dataset provides accurate 6D poses of 21 objects from the YCB dataset observed in 92 videos with 133,827 frames. We conduct extensive experiments on our YCB-Video dataset and the OccludedLINEMOD dataset to show that PoseCNN is highly robust to occlusions, can handle symmetric objects, and provide accurate pose estimation using only color images as input. When using depth data to further refine the poses, our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on the challenging OccludedLINEMOD dataset. Our code and dataset are available at https://rse-lab.cs.washington.edu/projects/posecnn/.
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This paper addresses the challenge of 6DoF pose estimation from a single RGB image under severe occlusion or truncation. Many recent works have shown that a two-stage approach, which first detects keypoints and then solves a Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem for pose estimation, achieves remarkable performance. However, most of these methods only localize a set of sparse keypoints by regressing their image coordinates or heatmaps, which are sensitive to occlusion and truncation. Instead, we introduce a Pixel-wise Voting Network (PVNet) to regress pixel-wise unit vectors pointing to the keypoints and use these vectors to vote for keypoint locations using RANSAC. This creates a flexible representation for localizing occluded or truncated keypoints. Another important feature of this representation is that it provides uncertainties of keypoint locations that can be further leveraged by the PnP solver. Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the state of the art on the LINEMOD, Occlusion LINEMOD and YCB-Video datasets by a large margin, while being efficient for real-time pose estimation. We further create a Truncation LINEMOD dataset to validate the robustness of our approach against truncation. The code will be avaliable at https://zju-3dv.github.io/pvnet/.
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本文提出了一种类别级别的6D对象姿势和形状估计方法IDAPS,其允许在类别中跟踪6D姿势并估计其3D形状。我们使用深度图像作为输入开发类别级别自动编码器网络,其中来自自动编码器编码的特征嵌入在类别中对象的姿势。自动编码器可用于粒子过滤器框架,以估计和跟踪类别中的对象的姿势。通过利用基于符号距离函数的隐式形状表示,我们构建延迟网络以估计给定对象的估计姿势的3D形状的潜在表示。然后,估计的姿势和形状可用于以迭代方式互相更新。我们的类别级别6D对象姿势和形状估计流水线仅需要2D检测和分段进行初始化。我们在公开的数据集中评估我们的方法,并展示其有效性。特别是,我们的方法在形状估计上实现了相对高的准确性。
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我们提出了一种称为DPODV2(密集姿势对象检测器)的三个阶段6 DOF对象检测方法,该方法依赖于致密的对应关系。我们将2D对象检测器与密集的对应关系网络和多视图姿势细化方法相结合,以估计完整的6 DOF姿势。与通常仅限于单眼RGB图像的其他深度学习方法不同,我们提出了一个统一的深度学习网络,允许使用不同的成像方式(RGB或DEPTH)。此外,我们提出了一种基于可区分渲染的新型姿势改进方法。主要概念是在多个视图中比较预测并渲染对应关系,以获得与所有视图中预测的对应关系一致的姿势。我们提出的方法对受控设置中的不同数据方式和培训数据类型进行了严格的评估。主要结论是,RGB在对应性估计中表现出色,而如果有良好的3D-3D对应关系,则深度有助于姿势精度。自然,他们的组合可以实现总体最佳性能。我们进行广泛的评估和消融研究,以分析和验证几个具有挑战性的数据集的结果。 DPODV2在所有这些方面都取得了出色的成果,同时仍然保持快速和可扩展性,独立于使用的数据模式和培训数据的类型
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商业深度传感器通常会产生嘈杂和缺失的深度,尤其是在镜面和透明的对象上,这对下游深度或基于点云的任务构成了关键问题。为了减轻此问题,我们提出了一个强大的RGBD融合网络Swindrnet,以进行深度修复。我们进一步提出了域随机增强深度模拟(DREDS)方法,以使用基于物理的渲染模拟主动的立体声深度系统,并生成一个大规模合成数据集,该数据集包含130k Photorealistic RGB图像以及其模拟深度带有现实主义的传感器。为了评估深度恢复方法,我们还策划了一个现实世界中的数据集,即STD,该数据集捕获了30个混乱的场景,这些场景由50个对象组成,具有不同的材料,从透明,透明,弥漫性。实验表明,提议的DREDS数据集桥接了SIM到实地域间隙,因此,经过训练,我们的Swindrnet可以无缝地概括到其他真实的深度数据集,例如。 ClearGrasp,并以实时速度优于深度恢复的竞争方法。我们进一步表明,我们的深度恢复有效地提高了下游任务的性能,包括类别级别的姿势估计和掌握任务。我们的数据和代码可从https://github.com/pku-epic/dreds获得
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透明对象对视觉感知系统提出了多个不同的挑战。首先,他们缺乏区分视觉特征使透明对象比不透明的对象更难检测和本地化。即使人类也发现某些透明的表面几乎没有镜面反射或折射,例如玻璃门,难以感知。第二个挑战是,通常用于不透明对象感知的常见深度传感器由于其独特的反射特性而无法对透明对象进行准确的深度测量。由于这些挑战,我们观察到,同一类别(例如杯子)内的透明对象实例看起来与彼此相似,而不是同一类别的普通不透明对象。鉴于此观察结果,本文着手探讨类别级透明对象姿势估计的可能性,而不是实例级姿势估计。我们提出了TransNet,这是一种两阶段的管道,该管道学会使用局部深度完成和表面正常估计来估计类别级别的透明对象姿势。在最近的大规模透明对象数据集中,根据姿势估计精度评估了TransNet,并将其与最先进的类别级别姿势估计方法进行了比较。该比较的结果表明,TransNet可以提高透明对象的姿势估计准确性,并从随附的消融研究中提高了关键发现,这表明未来的方向改善了绩效。
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我们介绍了一种简单而有效的算法,它使用卷积神经网络直接从视频中估计对象。我们的方法利用了视频序列的时间信息,并计算了支持机器人和AR域的计算上高效且鲁棒。我们所提出的网络采用预先训练的2D对象检测器作为输入,并通过经常性神经网络聚合视觉特征以在每个帧处进行预测。YCB-Video数据集的实验评估表明,我们的方法与最先进的算法相提并论。此外,通过30 FPS的速度,它也比现有技术更有效,因此适用于需要实时对象姿态估计的各种应用。
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6D object pose estimation problem has been extensively studied in the field of Computer Vision and Robotics. It has wide range of applications such as robot manipulation, augmented reality, and 3D scene understanding. With the advent of Deep Learning, many breakthroughs have been made; however, approaches continue to struggle when they encounter unseen instances, new categories, or real-world challenges such as cluttered backgrounds and occlusions. In this study, we will explore the available methods based on input modality, problem formulation, and whether it is a category-level or instance-level approach. As a part of our discussion, we will focus on how 6D object pose estimation can be used for understanding 3D scenes.
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我们提出了一种对类别级别的6D对象姿势和大小估计的新方法。为了解决类内的形状变化,我们学习规范形状空间(CASS),统一表示,用于某个对象类别的各种情况。特别地,CASS被建模为具有标准化姿势的规范3D形状深度生成模型的潜在空间。我们训练变形式自动编码器(VAE),用于从RGBD图像中的规范空间中生成3D点云。 VAE培训以跨类方式培训,利用公开的大型3D形状存储库。由于3D点云在归一化姿势(具有实际尺寸)中生成,因此VAE的编码器学习视图分解RGBD嵌入。它将RGBD图像映射到任意视图中以独立于姿势的3D形状表示。然后通过将对象姿势与用单独的深神经网络提取的输入RGBD的姿势相关的特征进行对比姿势估计。我们将CASS和姿势和大小估计的学习集成到最终的培训网络中,实现了最先进的性能。
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在这项工作中,我们通过利用3D Suite Blender生产具有6D姿势的合成RGBD图像数据集来提出数据生成管道。提出的管道可以有效地生成大量的照片现实的RGBD图像,以了解感兴趣的对象。此外,引入了域随机化技术的集合来弥合真实数据和合成数据之间的差距。此外,我们通过整合对象检测器Yolo-V4微型和6D姿势估计算法PVN3D来开发实时的两阶段6D姿势估计方法,用于时间敏感的机器人应用。借助提出的数据生成管道,我们的姿势估计方法可以仅使用没有任何预训练模型的合成数据从头开始训练。在LineMod数据集评估时,与最先进的方法相比,所得网络显示出竞争性能。我们还证明了在机器人实验中提出的方法,在不同的照明条件下从混乱的背景中抓住家用物体。
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虽然最近出现了类别级的9DOF对象姿势估计,但由于较大的对象形状和颜色等类别内差异,因此,先前基于对应的或直接回归方法的准确性均受到限制。 - 级别的物体姿势和尺寸炼油机Catre,能够迭代地增强点云的姿势估计以产生准确的结果。鉴于初始姿势估计,Catre通过对齐部分观察到的点云和先验的抽象形状来预测初始姿势和地面真理之间的相对转换。具体而言,我们提出了一种新颖的分离体系结构,以了解旋转与翻译/大小估计之间的固有区别。广泛的实验表明,我们的方法在REAL275,Camera25和LM基准测试中的最先进方法高达〜85.32Hz,并在类别级别跟踪上取得了竞争成果。我们进一步证明,Catre可以对看不见的类别进行姿势改进。可以使用代码和训练有素的型号。
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We introduce MegaPose, a method to estimate the 6D pose of novel objects, that is, objects unseen during training. At inference time, the method only assumes knowledge of (i) a region of interest displaying the object in the image and (ii) a CAD model of the observed object. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, we present a 6D pose refiner based on a render&compare strategy which can be applied to novel objects. The shape and coordinate system of the novel object are provided as inputs to the network by rendering multiple synthetic views of the object's CAD model. Second, we introduce a novel approach for coarse pose estimation which leverages a network trained to classify whether the pose error between a synthetic rendering and an observed image of the same object can be corrected by the refiner. Third, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset of photorealistic images of thousands of objects with diverse visual and shape properties and show that this diversity is crucial to obtain good generalization performance on novel objects. We train our approach on this large synthetic dataset and apply it without retraining to hundreds of novel objects in real images from several pose estimation benchmarks. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ModelNet and YCB-Video datasets. An extensive evaluation on the 7 core datasets of the BOP challenge demonstrates that our approach achieves performance competitive with existing approaches that require access to the target objects during training. Code, dataset and trained models are available on the project page: https://megapose6d.github.io/.
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透明的物体在家庭环境中无处不在,并且对视觉传感和感知系统构成了不同的挑战。透明物体的光学特性使常规的3D传感器仅对物体深度和姿势估计不可靠。这些挑战是由重点关注现实世界中透明对象的大规模RGB深度数据集突出了这些挑战。在这项工作中,我们为名为ClearPose的大规模现实世界RGB深度透明对象数据集提供了一个用于分割,场景级深度完成和以对象为中心的姿势估计任务的基准数据集。 ClearPose数据集包含超过350K标记的现实世界RGB深度框架和5M实例注释,涵盖了63个家用对象。该数据集包括在各种照明和遮挡条件下在日常生活中常用的对象类别,以及具有挑战性的测试场景,例如不透明或半透明物体的遮挡病例,非平面取向,液体的存在等。 - 艺术深度完成和对象构成清晰度上的深神经网络。数据集和基准源代码可在https://github.com/opipari/clearpose上获得。
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视觉感知任务通常需要大量的标记数据,包括3D姿势和图像空间分割掩码。创建此类培训数据集的过程可能很难或耗时,可以扩展到一般使用的功效。考虑对刚性对象的姿势估计的任务。在大型公共数据集中接受培训时,基于神经网络的深层方法表现出良好的性能。但是,将这些网络调整为其他新颖对象,或针对不同环境的现有模型进行微调,需要大量的时间投资才能产生新标记的实例。为此,我们提出了ProgressLabeller作为一种方法,以更有效地以可扩展的方式从彩色图像序列中生成大量的6D姿势训练数据。 ProgressLabeller还旨在支持透明或半透明的对象,以深度密集重建的先前方法将失败。我们通过快速创建一个超过1M样品的数据集来证明ProgressLabeller的有效性,我们将其微调一个最先进的姿势估计网络,以显着提高下游机器人的抓地力。 ProgressLabeller是https://github.com/huijiezh/progresslabeller的开放源代码。
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