从RGB图像中对刚性对象进行精确的6D构成估计是机器人技术和增强现实中的一项至关重要的任务。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了DeepRM,这是一种新型的经过精炼的新型经过的网络体系结构。 DeepRM利用初始粗姿势估计来渲染目标对象的合成图像。然后将渲染图像与观察到的图像匹配,以预测更新先前姿势估计值的刚性变换。重复此过程以逐步完善每次迭代的估计值。 LSTM单元用于通过每个完善步骤来传播信息,从而显着提高整体性能。与许多基于2阶段的透视点解决方案相反,DEEPRM是端到端训练的,并使用可扩展的主链,可以通过单个参数调整以提高准确性和效率。在训练过程中,添加了多尺度的光流头,以预测观察到的和合成图像之间的光流。光流预测稳定了训练过程,并强制学习与姿势估计任务相关的功能。我们的结果表明,DEEPRM在两个广泛接受的具有挑战性的数据集上实现了最先进的性能。
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Estimating 6D poses of objects from images is an important problem in various applications such as robot manipulation and virtual reality. While direct regression of images to object poses has limited accuracy, matching rendered images of an object against the input image can produce accurate results. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network for 6D pose matching named DeepIM. Given an initial pose estimation, our network is able to iteratively refine the pose by matching the rendered image against the observed image. The network is trained to predict a relative pose transformation using a disentangled representation of 3D location and 3D orientation and an iterative training process. Experiments on two commonly used benchmarks for 6D pose estimation demonstrate that DeepIM achieves large improvements over stateof-the-art methods. We furthermore show that DeepIM is able to match previously unseen objects.
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虽然最近出现了类别级的9DOF对象姿势估计,但由于较大的对象形状和颜色等类别内差异,因此,先前基于对应的或直接回归方法的准确性均受到限制。 - 级别的物体姿势和尺寸炼油机Catre,能够迭代地增强点云的姿势估计以产生准确的结果。鉴于初始姿势估计,Catre通过对齐部分观察到的点云和先验的抽象形状来预测初始姿势和地面真理之间的相对转换。具体而言,我们提出了一种新颖的分离体系结构,以了解旋转与翻译/大小估计之间的固有区别。广泛的实验表明,我们的方法在REAL275,Camera25和LM基准测试中的最先进方法高达〜85.32Hz,并在类别级别跟踪上取得了竞争成果。我们进一步证明,Catre可以对看不见的类别进行姿势改进。可以使用代码和训练有素的型号。
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我们提出了一种称为DPODV2(密集姿势对象检测器)的三个阶段6 DOF对象检测方法,该方法依赖于致密的对应关系。我们将2D对象检测器与密集的对应关系网络和多视图姿势细化方法相结合,以估计完整的6 DOF姿势。与通常仅限于单眼RGB图像的其他深度学习方法不同,我们提出了一个统一的深度学习网络,允许使用不同的成像方式(RGB或DEPTH)。此外,我们提出了一种基于可区分渲染的新型姿势改进方法。主要概念是在多个视图中比较预测并渲染对应关系,以获得与所有视图中预测的对应关系一致的姿势。我们提出的方法对受控设置中的不同数据方式和培训数据类型进行了严格的评估。主要结论是,RGB在对应性估计中表现出色,而如果有良好的3D-3D对应关系,则深度有助于姿势精度。自然,他们的组合可以实现总体最佳性能。我们进行广泛的评估和消融研究,以分析和验证几个具有挑战性的数据集的结果。 DPODV2在所有这些方面都取得了出色的成果,同时仍然保持快速和可扩展性,独立于使用的数据模式和培训数据的类型
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Estimating the 6D pose of known objects is important for robots to interact with the real world. The problem is challenging due to the variety of objects as well as the complexity of a scene caused by clutter and occlusions between objects. In this work, we introduce PoseCNN, a new Convolutional Neural Network for 6D object pose estimation. PoseCNN estimates the 3D translation of an object by localizing its center in the image and predicting its distance from the camera. The 3D rotation of the object is estimated by regressing to a quaternion representation. We also introduce a novel loss function that enables PoseCNN to handle symmetric objects. In addition, we contribute a large scale video dataset for 6D object pose estimation named the YCB-Video dataset. Our dataset provides accurate 6D poses of 21 objects from the YCB dataset observed in 92 videos with 133,827 frames. We conduct extensive experiments on our YCB-Video dataset and the OccludedLINEMOD dataset to show that PoseCNN is highly robust to occlusions, can handle symmetric objects, and provide accurate pose estimation using only color images as input. When using depth data to further refine the poses, our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on the challenging OccludedLINEMOD dataset. Our code and dataset are available at https://rse-lab.cs.washington.edu/projects/posecnn/.
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This paper addresses the challenge of 6DoF pose estimation from a single RGB image under severe occlusion or truncation. Many recent works have shown that a two-stage approach, which first detects keypoints and then solves a Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem for pose estimation, achieves remarkable performance. However, most of these methods only localize a set of sparse keypoints by regressing their image coordinates or heatmaps, which are sensitive to occlusion and truncation. Instead, we introduce a Pixel-wise Voting Network (PVNet) to regress pixel-wise unit vectors pointing to the keypoints and use these vectors to vote for keypoint locations using RANSAC. This creates a flexible representation for localizing occluded or truncated keypoints. Another important feature of this representation is that it provides uncertainties of keypoint locations that can be further leveraged by the PnP solver. Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the state of the art on the LINEMOD, Occlusion LINEMOD and YCB-Video datasets by a large margin, while being efficient for real-time pose estimation. We further create a Truncation LINEMOD dataset to validate the robustness of our approach against truncation. The code will be avaliable at https://zju-3dv.github.io/pvnet/.
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A key technical challenge in performing 6D object pose estimation from RGB-D image is to fully leverage the two complementary data sources. Prior works either extract information from the RGB image and depth separately or use costly post-processing steps, limiting their performances in highly cluttered scenes and real-time applications. In this work, we present DenseFusion, a generic framework for estimating 6D pose of a set of known objects from RGB-D images. DenseFusion is a heterogeneous architecture that processes the two data sources individually and uses a novel dense fusion network to extract pixel-wise dense feature embedding, from which the pose is estimated. Furthermore, we integrate an end-to-end iterative pose refinement procedure that further improves the pose estimation while achieving near real-time inference. Our experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in two datasets, YCB-Video and LineMOD. We also deploy our proposed method to a real robot to grasp and manipulate objects based on the estimated pose. Our code and video are available at https://sites.google.com/view/densefusion/.
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对象姿态估计有多个重要应用,例如机器人抓握和增强现实。我们提出了一种估计了提高当前提案的准确性的6D对象的6D姿势,仍然可以实时使用。我们的方法使用RGB-D数据作为段对象的输入并估计它们的姿势。它使用具有多个头部的神经网络,一个头估计对象分类并生成掩码,第二估计转换向量的值,最后一个头估计表示对象旋转的四元轴的值。这些头部利用特征提取和特征融合期间使用的金字塔架构。我们的方法可以实时使用,其低推理时间为0.12秒并具有高精度。通过这种快速推理和良好准确性的组合,可以在机器人挑选和放置任务和/或增强现实应用中使用我们的方法。
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本文介绍了一种新型的多视图6 DOF对象姿势细化方法,重点是改进对合成数据训练的方法。它基于DPOD检测器,该检测器会在每个帧中产生密集的2D-3D对应关系。我们选择使用多个具有已知相机转换的帧,因为它允许通过可解释的ICP样损耗函数引入几何约束。损耗函数是通过可区分的渲染器实现的,并经过迭代进行了优化。我们还证明,仅根据合成数据训练的完整检测和完善管道可用于自动标记的真实数据。我们对linemod,caslusion,自制和YCB-V数据集执行定量评估,并与对合成和真实数据训练的最新方法相比,报告出色的性能。我们从经验上证明,我们的方法仅需要几个帧,并且可以在外部摄像机校准中关闭相机位置和噪音,从而使其实际用法更加容易且无处不在。
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We introduce MegaPose, a method to estimate the 6D pose of novel objects, that is, objects unseen during training. At inference time, the method only assumes knowledge of (i) a region of interest displaying the object in the image and (ii) a CAD model of the observed object. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, we present a 6D pose refiner based on a render&compare strategy which can be applied to novel objects. The shape and coordinate system of the novel object are provided as inputs to the network by rendering multiple synthetic views of the object's CAD model. Second, we introduce a novel approach for coarse pose estimation which leverages a network trained to classify whether the pose error between a synthetic rendering and an observed image of the same object can be corrected by the refiner. Third, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset of photorealistic images of thousands of objects with diverse visual and shape properties and show that this diversity is crucial to obtain good generalization performance on novel objects. We train our approach on this large synthetic dataset and apply it without retraining to hundreds of novel objects in real images from several pose estimation benchmarks. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ModelNet and YCB-Video datasets. An extensive evaluation on the 7 core datasets of the BOP challenge demonstrates that our approach achieves performance competitive with existing approaches that require access to the target objects during training. Code, dataset and trained models are available on the project page: https://megapose6d.github.io/.
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We introduce an approach for recovering the 6D pose of multiple known objects in a scene captured by a set of input images with unknown camera viewpoints. First, we present a single-view single-object 6D pose estimation method, which we use to generate 6D object pose hypotheses. Second, we develop a robust method for matching individual 6D object pose hypotheses across different input images in order to jointly estimate camera viewpoints and 6D poses of all objects in a single consistent scene. Our approach explicitly handles object symmetries, does not require depth measurements, is robust to missing or incorrect object hypotheses, and automatically recovers the number of objects in the scene. Third, we develop a method for global scene refinement given multiple object hypotheses and their correspondences across views. This is achieved by solving an object-level bundle adjustment problem that refines the poses of cameras and objects to minimize the reprojection error in all views. We demonstrate that the proposed method, dubbed Cosy-Pose, outperforms current state-of-the-art results for single-view and multi-view 6D object pose estimation by a large margin on two challenging benchmarks: the YCB-Video and T-LESS datasets. Code and pre-trained models are available on the project webpage. 5
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最新的6D对象构成估计方法,包括无监督的方法,需要许多真实的训练图像。不幸的是,对于某些应用,例如在空间或深水下的应用程序,几乎是不可能获取真实图像的,即使是未注释的。在本文中,我们提出了一种可以仅在合成图像上训练的方法,也可以选择使用一些其他真实图像。鉴于从第一个网络获得的粗糙姿势估计,它使用第二个网络来预测使用粗糙姿势和真实图像呈现的图像之间的密集2D对应场,并渗透了所需的姿势校正。与最新方法相比,这种方法对合成图像和真实图像之间的域变化敏感得多。它与需要注释的真实图像进行训练时的方法表现出色,并且在使用二十个真实图像的情况下,它们的表现要优于它们。
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我们提出了一种基于相交的球体的新型关键点投票方案,其比现有方案更准确,并且允许较小的更多分散关键点。该方案基于点之间的距离,其作为1D数量可以比在先前的工作中的2D和3D向量和偏移量中更精确地回归,从而产生更准确的小点定位。该方案构成了RGB-D数据中的6 DOF姿势估计的所提出的RCVPOS方法的基础,这在处理闭塞时特别有效。训练CNN以估计与每个RGB像素的深度模式对应的3D点之间的距离,以及在对象帧中定义的一组3分散键点。在推断下,产生在每个3D点处的球体,其半径等于该估计距离。这些球体的表面投票给增量3D累加器空间,其峰值指示Keypoint位置。所提出的径向投票方案比以前的矢量或偏移方案更准确,并且稳健地分散关键点。实验表明,RCPOSE是高度准确和竞争的,在LineMod 99.7%和YCB-Video 97.2%数据集上实现最先进的结果,显着得分+ 7.9%(71.1%)比以前的挑战遮挡Linemod上的方法数据集。
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我们提出了一种方法,用于估计具有单个RGB图像的可用3D模型的刚性对象的6DOF姿势。与基于经典对应的方法不同,该方法可以预测输入图像的像素的3D对象坐标,该建议的方法可以预测3D对象坐标在相机frustum中采样的3D查询点。从像素到3D点的移动,这是受到3D重建方法的最新PIFU式方法的启发,可以对整个对象(包括(自我)遮挡部分)进行推理。对于与与像素对齐的图像功能相关的3D查询点,我们训练完全连接的神经网络来预测:(i)相应的3D对象坐标,以及(ii)签名到对象表面的签名距离,首先定义仅适用于地表附近的查询点。我们将该网络实现的映射称为神经通信字段。然后,通过Kabsch-Ransac算法从预测的3D-3D对应关系中稳健地估计对象姿势。所提出的方法在三个BOP数据集上实现了最先进的结果,并且在咬合挑战性案例中表现出了优越。项目网站在:linhuang17.github.io/ncf。
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估计对象的6D姿势是必不可少的计算机视觉任务。但是,大多数常规方法从单个角度依赖相机数据,因此遭受遮挡。我们通过称为MV6D的新型多视图6D姿势估计方法克服了这个问题,该方法从多个角度根据RGB-D图像准确地预测了混乱场景中所有对象的6D姿势。我们将方法以PVN3D网络为基础,该网络使用单个RGB-D图像来预测目标对象的关键点。我们通过从多个视图中使用组合点云来扩展此方法,并将每个视图中的图像与密集层层融合。与当前的多视图检测网络(例如Cosypose)相反,我们的MV6D可以以端到端的方式学习多个观点的融合,并且不需要多个预测阶段或随后对预测的微调。此外,我们介绍了三个新颖的影像学数据集,这些数据集具有沉重的遮挡的混乱场景。所有这些都从多个角度包含RGB-D图像,例如语义分割和6D姿势估计。即使在摄像头不正确的情况下,MV6D也明显优于多视图6D姿势估计中最新的姿势估计。此外,我们表明我们的方法对动态相机设置具有强大的态度,并且其准确性随着越来越多的观点而逐渐增加。
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从RGB-D图像中对刚性对象的6D姿势估计对于机器人技术中的对象抓握和操纵至关重要。尽管RGB通道和深度(d)通道通常是互补的,分别提供了外观和几何信息,但如何完全从两个跨模式数据中完全受益仍然是非平凡的。从简单而新的观察结果来看,当对象旋转时,其语义标签是姿势不变的,而其关键点偏移方向是姿势的变体。为此,我们提出了So(3)pose,这是一个新的表示学习网络,可以探索SO(3)equivariant和So(3) - 从深度通道中进行姿势估计的特征。 SO(3) - 激素特征有助于学习更独特的表示,以分割来自RGB通道外观相似的对象。 SO(3) - 等级特征与RGB功能通信,以推导(缺失的)几何形状,以检测从深度通道的反射表面的对象的关键点。与大多数现有的姿势估计方法不同,我们的SO(3) - 不仅可以实现RGB和深度渠道之间的信息通信,而且自然会吸收SO(3) - 等级的几何学知识,从深度图像中,导致更好的外观和更好的外观和更好几何表示学习。综合实验表明,我们的方法在三个基准测试中实现了最先进的性能。
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我们介绍了一种简单而有效的算法,它使用卷积神经网络直接从视频中估计对象。我们的方法利用了视频序列的时间信息,并计算了支持机器人和AR域的计算上高效且鲁棒。我们所提出的网络采用预先训练的2D对象检测器作为输入,并通过经常性神经网络聚合视觉特征以在每个帧处进行预测。YCB-Video数据集的实验评估表明,我们的方法与最先进的算法相提并论。此外,通过30 FPS的速度,它也比现有技术更有效,因此适用于需要实时对象姿态估计的各种应用。
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很少有6D姿势估计方法使用骨干网络从RGB和深度图像中提取功能,而Uni6D是这样做的先驱。我们发现UNI6D中性能限制的主要原因是实例外部和实例 - 内噪声。 uni6d不可避免地会由于其固有的直接管道设计而从接收场中的背景像素引入实例外部噪声,并忽略了输入深度数据中的实例 - 内侧噪声。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种两步的denoising方法,以处理UNI6D中上述噪声。在第一步中,实例分割网络用于裁剪和掩盖实例,以消除非实施区域的噪声。在第二步中,提出了一个轻巧的深度剥夺模块,以校准深度特征,然后再将其输入姿势回归网络。广泛的实验表明,我们称为uni6dv2的方法能够有效,稳健地消除噪声,在不牺牲过多的推理效率的情况下超过UNI6D。它还减少了对需要昂贵标签的注释真实数据的需求。
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6D object pose estimation problem has been extensively studied in the field of Computer Vision and Robotics. It has wide range of applications such as robot manipulation, augmented reality, and 3D scene understanding. With the advent of Deep Learning, many breakthroughs have been made; however, approaches continue to struggle when they encounter unseen instances, new categories, or real-world challenges such as cluttered backgrounds and occlusions. In this study, we will explore the available methods based on input modality, problem formulation, and whether it is a category-level or instance-level approach. As a part of our discussion, we will focus on how 6D object pose estimation can be used for understanding 3D scenes.
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实时机器人掌握,支持随后的精确反对操作任务,是高级高级自治系统的优先目标。然而,尚未找到这样一种可以用时间效率进行充分准确的掌握的算法。本文提出了一种新的方法,其具有2阶段方法,它使用深神经网络结合快速的2D对象识别,以及基于点对特征框架的随后的精确和快速的6D姿态估计来形成实时3D对象识别和抓握解决方案能够多对象类场景。所提出的解决方案有可能在实时应用上稳健地进行,需要效率和准确性。为了验证我们的方法,我们进行了广泛且彻底的实验,涉及我们自己的数据集的费力准备。实验结果表明,该方法在5CM5DEG度量标准中的精度97.37%,平均距离度量分数99.37%。实验结果显示了通过使用该方法的总体62%的相对改善(5cm5deg度量)和52.48%(平均距离度量)。此外,姿势估计执行也显示出运行时间的平均改善47.6%。最后,为了说明系统在实时操作中的整体效率,进行了一个拾取和放置的机器人实验,并显示了90%的准确度的令人信服的成功率。此实验视频可在https://sites.google.com/view/dl-ppf6dpose/上获得。
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