我们展示了一个新的开源和可扩展知识提取工具包,称为Deepke(基于深度学习的知识提取),支持标准完全监督,低资源少拍摄和文档级方案。 Deepke实现了各种信息提取任务,包括命名实体识别,关系提取和属性提取。使用统一的框架,DeePke允许开发人员和研究人员根据其要求,自定义数据集和模型以从非结构化文本中提取信息。具体而言,DeePke不仅为不同的任务和场景提供了各种功能模块和模型实现,而且还通过一致的框架组织所有组件以维持足够的模块化和可扩展性。此外,我们在\ URL {http://deepke.zjukg.cn/}中介绍一个在线平台,用于实时提取各种任务。 Deepke已经配备了Google Colab教程和初学者的综合文件。我们用演示视频发布\ url {https://github.com/zjunlp/deepke}源代码。
translated by 谷歌翻译
大多数NER方法都依赖于广泛的标记数据进行模型培训,这些数据在低资源场景中挣扎,培训数据有限。与资源丰富的源域相比,现有的主要方法通常会遇到目标域具有不同标签集的挑战,该标签集可以作为类传输和域转移得出的结论。在本文中,我们通过可拔出的提示(Lightner)提出了一个轻巧的调整范式,用于低资源。具体而言,我们构建了实体类别的统一可学习的语言器,以生成实体跨度序列和实体类别,而无需任何标签特定的分类器,从而解决了类转移问题。我们通过将可学习的参数纳入自我发言层作为指导,进一步提出了一个可插入的指导模块,该参数可以重新调节注意力并调整预训练的权重。请注意,我们仅通过修复了预训练的语言模型的整个参数来调整那些插入的模块,从而使我们的方法轻巧且灵活地适合低资源场景,并且可以更好地跨域传输知识。实验结果表明,Lightner可以在标准监督环境中获得可比的性能,并且在低资源设置中优于强大基线。代码在https://github.com/zjunlp/deepke/tree/main/main/example/ner/few-shot中。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have been applied in NLP tasks and achieve promising results. Nevertheless, the fine-tuning procedure needs labeled data of the target domain, making it difficult to learn in low-resource and non-trivial labeled scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose Prompt-based Text Entailment (PTE) for low-resource named entity recognition, which better leverages knowledge in the PLMs. We first reformulate named entity recognition as the text entailment task. The original sentence with entity type-specific prompts is fed into PLMs to get entailment scores for each candidate. The entity type with the top score is then selected as final label. Then, we inject tagging labels into prompts and treat words as basic units instead of n-gram spans to reduce time complexity in generating candidates by n-grams enumeration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method PTE achieves competitive performance on the CoNLL03 dataset, and better than fine-tuned counterparts on the MIT Movie and Few-NERD dataset in low-resource settings.
translated by 谷歌翻译
旨在从非结构化文本中提取结构信息的知识提取(KE)通常会遭受数据稀缺性和新出现的看不见类型,即低资源场景。许多低资源KE的神经方法已广泛研究并取得了令人印象深刻的表现。在本文中,我们在低资源场景中介绍了对KE的文献综述,并将现有作品分为三个范式:(1)利用更高的资源数据,(2)利用更强的模型,(3)利用数据和模型一起。此外,我们描述了有前途的应用,并概述了未来研究的一些潜在方向。我们希望我们的调查能够帮助学术和工业界更好地理解这一领域,激发更多的想法并提高更广泛的应用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们利用预训练的语言模型来解决两种低资源语言的复杂NER任务:中文和西班牙语。我们使用整个单词掩码(WWM)的技术来提高大型和无监督的语料库的掩盖语言建模目标。我们在微调的BERT层之上进行多个神经网络体系结构,将CRF,Bilstms和线性分类器结合在一起。我们所有的模型都优于基线,而我们的最佳性能模型在盲目测试集的评估排行榜上获得了竞争地位。
translated by 谷歌翻译
几乎没有命名的实体识别(NER)对于在有限的资源领域中标记的实体标记至关重要,因此近年来受到了适当的关注。现有的几声方法主要在域内设置下进行评估。相比之下,对于这些固有的忠实模型如何使用一些标记的域内示例在跨域NER中执行的方式知之甚少。本文提出了一种两步以理性为中心的数据增强方法,以提高模型的泛化能力。几个数据集中的结果表明,与先前的最新方法相比,我们的模型无形方法可显着提高跨域NER任务的性能,包括反事实数据增强和及时调用方法。我们的代码可在\ url {https://github.com/lifan-yuan/factmix}上获得。
translated by 谷歌翻译
如今,基础模型已成为人工智能中的基本基础设施之一,铺平了通往通用情报的方式。但是,现实提出了两个紧急挑战:现有的基础模型由英语社区主导;用户通常会获得有限的资源,因此不能总是使用基础模型。为了支持中文社区的发展,我们介绍了一个名为Fengshenbang的开源项目,该项目由认知计算与自然语言研究中心(CCNL)领导。我们的项目具有全面的功能,包括大型预培训模型,用户友好的API,基准,数据集等。我们将所有这些都包装在三个子项目中:风水次模型,风水框架和狂热基准。 Fengshenbang的开源路线图旨在重新评估中国预培训的大型大型模型的开源社区,促使整个中国大型模型社区的发展。我们还希望构建一个以用户为中心的开源生态系统,以允许个人访问所需的模型以匹配其计算资源。此外,我们邀请公司,大学和研究机构与我们合作建立大型开源模型的生态系统。我们希望这个项目将成为中国认知情报的基础。
translated by 谷歌翻译
关系提取(RE)是指在输入文本中提取关系三元组。现有的基于神经工作的系统在很大程度上依赖于手动标记的培训数据,但是仍然有很多域中不存在足够的标记数据。受到基于距离的几弹性实体识别方法的启发,我们根据序列标记的关节提取方法提出了几个弹出任务的定义,并为任务提出了一些弹出框架。此外,我们将两个实际的序列标记模型应用于我们的框架(称为少数Tplinker和几杆Bitt),并在从公共数据集构建的两个少量RE任务上实现了可靠的结果。
translated by 谷歌翻译
关系提取是一项重要但具有挑战性的任务,旨在从文本中提取所有隐藏的关系事实。随着深层语言模型的发展,关系提取方法在各种基准上都取得了良好的性能。但是,我们观察到以前方法的两个缺点:首先,在各种关系提取设置下没有统一的框架可以很好地工作;其次,有效利用外部知识作为背景信息。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种知识增强的生成模型来减轻这两个问题。我们的生成模型是一个统一的框架,可在各种关系提取设置下依次生成关系三胞胎,并明确利用来自知识图(KG)的相关知识来解决歧义。我们的模型在包括WebNLG,NYT10和Tacred在内的多个基准和设置上实现了卓越的性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
关系提取是自然语言处理中的一个基本问题。大多数现有模型都是为常规域中的关系提取而定义的。然而,它们对特定结构域(例如,生物医用)的表现尚不清楚。为了填补这一差距,本文对生物医学研究文章的关系提取进行了实证研究。具体而言,我们考虑句子级和文档级关系提取,并在几个基准数据集上运行一些最先进的方法。我们的研究结果表明,(1)当前文件级关系提取方法具有强大的泛化能力;(2)现有方法需要大量标记数据进行生物医学中的模型微调。我们的观察可能会激发该领域的人们为生物医学关系提取开发更有效的模型。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们设计了一个用户友好且可扩展的知识图构建(KGC)系统,用于从非结构化语料库中提取结构化知识。与现有的KGC系统不同,Gbuilder提供了一种灵活且用户定义的管道,可以包含IE模型的快速开发。可以使用更多基于内置的模板或启发式操作员和可编程操作员来适应来自不同域的数据。此外,我们还为Gbuilder设计了基于云的自适应任务计划,以确保其在大规模知识图构造上的可扩展性。实验评估不仅证明了Gbuilder在统一平台中组织多个信息提取模型的能力,还证实了其在大规模KGC任务上的高可扩展性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
对于自然语言处理中的许多任务,将知识从一个域转移到另一个领域至关重要,尤其是当目标域中的可用数据量受到限制时。在这项工作中,我们在指定实体识别(NER)的背景下提出了一种新颖的域适应方法。我们提出了一种两步方法,该方法由可变基本模块和模板模块组成,该模块在简单的描述模式的帮助下利用了预训练的语言模型中捕获的知识。我们的方法简单而通用,可以在几次射击和零拍设置中应用。评估我们在许多不同数据集中的轻量级方法表明,它可以将最新基准的性能提高2-5%的F1分数。
translated by 谷歌翻译
As an important fine-grained sentiment analysis problem, aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), aiming to analyze and understand people's opinions at the aspect level, has been attracting considerable interest in the last decade. To handle ABSA in different scenarios, various tasks are introduced for analyzing different sentiment elements and their relations, including the aspect term, aspect category, opinion term, and sentiment polarity. Unlike early ABSA works focusing on a single sentiment element, many compound ABSA tasks involving multiple elements have been studied in recent years for capturing more complete aspect-level sentiment information. However, a systematic review of various ABSA tasks and their corresponding solutions is still lacking, which we aim to fill in this survey. More specifically, we provide a new taxonomy for ABSA which organizes existing studies from the axes of concerned sentiment elements, with an emphasis on recent advances of compound ABSA tasks. From the perspective of solutions, we summarize the utilization of pre-trained language models for ABSA, which improved the performance of ABSA to a new stage. Besides, techniques for building more practical ABSA systems in cross-domain/lingual scenarios are discussed. Finally, we review some emerging topics and discuss some open challenges to outlook potential future directions of ABSA.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Information Extraction (IE) aims to extract structured information from heterogeneous sources. IE from natural language texts include sub-tasks such as Named Entity Recognition (NER), Relation Extraction (RE), and Event Extraction (EE). Most IE systems require comprehensive understandings of sentence structure, implied semantics, and domain knowledge to perform well; thus, IE tasks always need adequate external resources and annotations. However, it takes time and effort to obtain more human annotations. Low-Resource Information Extraction (LRIE) strives to use unsupervised data, reducing the required resources and human annotation. In practice, existing systems either utilize self-training schemes to generate pseudo labels that will cause the gradual drift problem, or leverage consistency regularization methods which inevitably possess confirmation bias. To alleviate confirmation bias due to the lack of feedback loops in existing LRIE learning paradigms, we develop a Gradient Imitation Reinforcement Learning (GIRL) method to encourage pseudo-labeled data to imitate the gradient descent direction on labeled data, which can force pseudo-labeled data to achieve better optimization capabilities similar to labeled data. Based on how well the pseudo-labeled data imitates the instructive gradient descent direction obtained from labeled data, we design a reward to quantify the imitation process and bootstrap the optimization capability of pseudo-labeled data through trial and error. In addition to learning paradigms, GIRL is not limited to specific sub-tasks, and we leverage GIRL to solve all IE sub-tasks (named entity recognition, relation extraction, and event extraction) in low-resource settings (semi-supervised IE and few-shot IE).
translated by 谷歌翻译
Generative Knowledge Graph Construction (KGC) refers to those methods that leverage the sequence-to-sequence framework for building knowledge graphs, which is flexible and can be adapted to widespread tasks. In this study, we summarize the recent compelling progress in generative knowledge graph construction. We present the advantages and weaknesses of each paradigm in terms of different generation targets and provide theoretical insight and empirical analysis. Based on the review, we suggest promising research directions for the future. Our contributions are threefold: (1) We present a detailed, complete taxonomy for the generative KGC methods; (2) We provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of the generative KGC methods; (3) We propose several research directions that can be developed in the future.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Sequence generation demonstrates promising performance in recent information extraction efforts, by incorporating large-scale pre-trained Seq2Seq models. This paper investigates the merits of employing sequence generation in relation extraction, finding that with relation names or synonyms as generation targets, their textual semantics and the correlation (in terms of word sequence pattern) among them affect model performance. We then propose Relation Extraction with Label Augmentation (RELA), a Seq2Seq model with automatic label augmentation for RE. By saying label augmentation, we mean prod semantically synonyms for each relation name as the generation target. Besides, we present an in-depth analysis of the Seq2Seq model's behavior when dealing with RE. Experimental results show that RELA achieves competitive results compared with previous methods on four RE datasets.
translated by 谷歌翻译
通常,在自然语言处理领域,识别指定实体是一项实用且具有挑战性的任务。由于混合的性质导致语言复杂性,因此在代码混合文本上命名的实体识别是进一步的挑战。本文介绍了CMNERONE团队在Semeval 2022共享任务11 Multiconer的提交。代码混合的NER任务旨在识别代码混合数据集中的命名实体。我们的工作包括在代码混合数据集上的命名实体识别(NER),来利用多语言数据。我们的加权平均F1得分为0.7044,即比基线大6%。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Practices in the built environment have become more digitalized with the rapid development of modern design and construction technologies. However, the requirement of practitioners or scholars to gather complicated professional knowledge in the built environment has not been satisfied yet. In this paper, more than 80,000 paper abstracts in the built environment field were obtained to build a knowledge graph, a knowledge base storing entities and their connective relations in a graph-structured data model. To ensure the retrieval accuracy of the entities and relations in the knowledge graph, two well-annotated datasets have been created, containing 2,000 instances and 1,450 instances each in 29 relations for the named entity recognition task and relation extraction task respectively. These two tasks were solved by two BERT-based models trained on the proposed dataset. Both models attained an accuracy above 85% on these two tasks. More than 200,000 high-quality relations and entities were obtained using these models to extract all abstract data. Finally, this knowledge graph is presented as a self-developed visualization system to reveal relations between various entities in the domain. Both the source code and the annotated dataset can be found here: https://github.com/HKUST-KnowComp/BEKG.
translated by 谷歌翻译
培训和评估语言模型越来越多地要求构建元数据 - 多样化的策划数据收集,并具有清晰的出处。自然语言提示最近通过将现有的,有监督的数据集转换为多种新颖的预处理任务,突出了元数据策划的好处,从而改善了零击的概括。尽管将这些以数据为中心的方法转化为生物医学语言建模的通用域文本成功,但由于标记的生物医学数据集在流行的数据中心中的代表性大大不足,因此仍然具有挑战性。为了应对这一挑战,我们介绍了BigBio一个由126个以上的生物医学NLP数据集的社区库,目前涵盖12个任务类别和10多种语言。 BigBio通过对数据集及其元数据进行程序化访问来促进可再现的元数据策划,并与当前的平台兼容,以及时工程和端到端的几个/零射击语言模型评估。我们讨论了我们的任务架构协调,数据审核,贡献指南的过程,并概述了两个说明性用例:生物医学提示和大规模,多任务学习的零射门评估。 BigBio是一项持续的社区努力,可在https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/biomedical上获得。
translated by 谷歌翻译
三重提取是自然语言处理和知识图构建信息提取的重要任务。在本文中,我们重新审视了序列生成的端到端三重提取任务。由于生成三重提取可能难以捕获长期依赖性并产生不忠的三元组,因此我们引入了一种新型模型,即与生成变压器的对比度三重提取。具体而言,我们为基于编码器的生成引入了一个共享的变压器模块。为了产生忠实的结果,我们提出了一个新颖的三胞胎对比训练对象。此外,我们引入了两种机制,以进一步提高模型性能(即,批处理动态注意力掩盖和三个方面的校准)。在三个数据集(即NYT,WebNLG和MIE)上进行的实验结果表明,我们的方法比基线的方法更好。
translated by 谷歌翻译