盒子监督的实例分割最近吸引了大量的研究工作,而在空中图像域中则收到很少的关注。与通用物体集合相比,空中对象具有大型内部差异和阶级相似性与复杂的背景。此外,高分辨率卫星图像中存在许多微小的物体。这使得最近的一对亲和力建模方法不可避免地涉及具有劣势的噪声监督。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种新颖的空中实例分割方法,该方法驱动网络为空中对象的一系列级别设置功能,只有盒子注释以端到端的方式。具有精心设计的能量函数的级别集方法而不是学习成对亲和力将对象分段视为曲线演进,这能够准确地恢复对象的边界并防止来自无法区分的背景和类似对象的干扰。实验结果表明,所提出的方法优于最先进的盒子监督实例分段方法。源代码可在https://github.com/liwentomng/boxLevelset上获得。
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与使用像素面罩标签的完全监督的方法相反,盒子监督实例细分利用了简单的盒子注释,该盒子注释最近吸引了许多研究注意力。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的单弹盒监督实例分割方法,该方法将经典级别设置模型与深度神经网络精致整合在一起。具体而言,我们提出的方法迭代地通过端到端的方式通过基于Chan-Vese的连续能量功能来学习一系列级别集。一个简单的掩码监督的SOLOV2模型可供选择,以预测实例感知的掩码映射为每个实例的级别设置。输入图像及其深度特征都被用作输入数据来发展级别集曲线,其中使用框投影函数来获得初始边界。通过最大程度地减少完全可分化的能量函数,在其相应的边界框注释中迭代优化了每个实例的级别设置。在四个具有挑战性的基准上的实验结果表明,在各种情况下,我们提出的强大实例分割方法的领先表现。该代码可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/liwentomng/boxlevelset。
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In contrast to fully supervised methods using pixel-wise mask labels, box-supervised instance segmentation takes advantage of simple box annotations, which has recently attracted increasing research attention. This paper presents a novel single-shot instance segmentation approach, namely Box2Mask, which integrates the classical level-set evolution model into deep neural network learning to achieve accurate mask prediction with only bounding box supervision. Specifically, both the input image and its deep features are employed to evolve the level-set curves implicitly, and a local consistency module based on a pixel affinity kernel is used to mine the local context and spatial relations. Two types of single-stage frameworks, i.e., CNN-based and transformer-based frameworks, are developed to empower the level-set evolution for box-supervised instance segmentation, and each framework consists of three essential components: instance-aware decoder, box-level matching assignment and level-set evolution. By minimizing the level-set energy function, the mask map of each instance can be iteratively optimized within its bounding box annotation. The experimental results on five challenging testbeds, covering general scenes, remote sensing, medical and scene text images, demonstrate the outstanding performance of our proposed Box2Mask approach for box-supervised instance segmentation. In particular, with the Swin-Transformer large backbone, our Box2Mask obtains 42.4% mask AP on COCO, which is on par with the recently developed fully mask-supervised methods. The code is available at: https://github.com/LiWentomng/boxlevelset.
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与通用物体相反,空中目标通常是非轴与具有杂乱的周围环境的任意取向对齐。与回归边界盒取向的主流化方法不同,本文通过利用自适应点表示,提出了一种有效的自适应点学习方法,可以利用自适应点表示来捕获任意定向的实例的几何信息。为此,提出了三个取向的转换功能,以便于准确方向进行分类和本地化。此外,我们提出了一种有效的质量评估和样本分配方案,用于学习在训练期间选择代表导向的检测点样本,能够捕获来自邻近物体或背景噪声的非轴对准特征。引入了空间约束以惩罚ROUST自适应学习的异常点。在包括DotA,HRSC2016,UCAS-AOD和Dior-R的四个具有挑战性的空中数据集上的实验结果证明了我们提出的方法的功效。源代码是可用的:https://github.com/liwentomng/orientedreppoints。
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Cascade is a classic yet powerful architecture that has boosted performance on various tasks. However, how to introduce cascade to instance segmentation remains an open question. A simple combination of Cascade R-CNN and Mask R-CNN only brings limited gain. In exploring a more effective approach, we find that the key to a successful instance segmentation cascade is to fully leverage the reciprocal relationship between detection and segmentation. In this work, we propose a new framework, Hybrid Task Cascade (HTC), which differs in two important aspects: (1) instead of performing cascaded refinement on these two tasks separately, it interweaves them for a joint multi-stage processing; (2) it adopts a fully convolutional branch to provide spatial context, which can help distinguishing hard foreground from cluttered background. Overall, this framework can learn more discriminative features progressively while integrating complementary features together in each stage. Without bells and whistles, a single HTC obtains 38.4% and 1.5% improvement over a strong Cascade Mask R-CNN baseline on MSCOCO dataset. Moreover, our overall system achieves 48.6 mask AP on the test-challenge split, ranking 1st in the COCO 2018 Challenge Object Detection Task. Code is available at: https://github.com/ open-mmlab/mmdetection.
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We present a new, embarrassingly simple approach to instance segmentation. Compared to many other dense prediction tasks, e.g., semantic segmentation, it is the arbitrary number of instances that have made instance segmentation much more challenging. In order to predict a mask for each instance, mainstream approaches either follow the "detect-then-segment" strategy (e.g., Mask R-CNN), or predict embedding vectors first then use clustering techniques to group pixels into individual instances. We view the task of instance segmentation from a completely new perspective by introducing the notion of "instance categories", which assigns categories to each pixel within an instance according to the instance's location and size, thus nicely converting instance segmentation into a single-shot classification-solvable problem. We demonstrate a much simpler and flexible instance segmentation framework with strong performance, achieving on par accuracy with Mask R-CNN and outperforming recent single-shot instance segmenters in accuracy. We hope that this simple and strong framework can serve as a baseline for many instance-level recognition tasks besides instance segmentation. Code is available at https://git.io/AdelaiDet
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本文提出了一种用于对象和场景的高质量图像分割的新方法。灵感来自于形态学图像处理技术中的扩张和侵蚀操作,像素级图像分割问题被视为挤压对象边界。从这个角度来看,提出了一种新颖且有效的\ textBF {边界挤压}模块。该模块用于从内侧和外侧方向挤压对象边界,这有助于精确掩模表示。提出了双向基于流的翘曲过程来产生这种挤压特征表示,并且设计了两个特定的损耗信号以监控挤压过程。边界挤压模块可以通过构建一些现有方法构建作为即插即用模块,可以轻松应用于实例和语义分段任务。此外,所提出的模块是重量的,因此具有实际使用的潜力。实验结果表明,我们简单但有效的设计可以在几个不同的数据集中产生高质量的结果。此外,边界上的其他几个指标用于证明我们对以前的工作中的方法的有效性。我们的方法对实例和语义分割的具有利于Coco和CityCapes数据集来产生重大改进,并且在相同的设置下以前的最先进的速度优于先前的最先进的速度。代码和模型将在\ url {https:/github.com/lxtgh/bsseg}发布。
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遥感图像中的实例分段的任务,旨在在实例级别执行对象的每像素标记,对于各种民用应用非常重要。尽管以前的成功,但大多数现有的实例分割方法设计用于自然图像时,可以在直接应用于顶视图遥感图像时遇到清晰的性能下降。通过仔细分析,我们观察到由于严重的规模变化,低对比度和聚类分布,挑战主要来自歧视性对象特征。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种新颖的上下文聚合网络(CATNET)来改善特征提取过程。所提出的模型利用了三个轻量级的即插即用模块,即密度特征金字塔网络(Densfpn),空间上下文金字塔(SCP)和兴趣提取器(Hroie)的分层区域,以聚合在功能,空间和的全局视觉上下文实例域分别。 DenseFPN是一种多尺度特征传播模块,通过采用级别的残差连接,交叉级密度连接和具有重新加权策略来建立更灵活的信息流。利用注意力机制,SCP进一步通过将全局空间上下文聚合到当地区域来增强特征。对于每个实例,Hroie自适应地为不同的下游任务生成ROI功能。我们对挑战ISAID,DIOR,NWPU VHR-10和HRSID数据集进行了广泛的评估。评估结果表明,所提出的方法优于具有类似的计算成本的最先进。代码可在https://github.com/yeliudev/catnet上获得。
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Letting a deep network be aware of the quality of its own predictions is an interesting yet important problem. In the task of instance segmentation, the confidence of instance classification is used as mask quality score in most instance segmentation frameworks. However, the mask quality, quantified as the IoU between the instance mask and its ground truth, is usually not well correlated with classification score. In this paper, we study this problem and propose Mask Scoring R-CNN which contains a network block to learn the quality of the predicted instance masks. The proposed network block takes the instance feature and the corresponding predicted mask together to regress the mask IoU. The mask scoring strategy calibrates the misalignment between mask quality and mask score, and improves instance segmentation performance by prioritizing more accurate mask predictions during COCO AP evaluation. By extensive evaluations on the COCO dataset, Mask Scoring R-CNN brings consistent and noticeable gain with different models, and outperforms the state-of-the-art Mask R-CNN. We hope our simple and effective approach will provide a new direction for improving instance segmentation. The source code of our method is available at https:// github.com/zjhuang22/maskscoring_rcnn. * The work was done when Zhaojin Huang was an intern in Horizon Robotics Inc.
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Deep learning based methods have significantly boosted the study of automatic building extraction from remote sensing images. However, delineating vectorized and regular building contours like a human does remains very challenging, due to the difficulty of the methodology, the diversity of building structures, and the imperfect imaging conditions. In this paper, we propose the first end-to-end learnable building contour extraction framework, named BuildMapper, which can directly and efficiently delineate building polygons just as a human does. BuildMapper consists of two main components: 1) a contour initialization module that generates initial building contours; and 2) a contour evolution module that performs both contour vertex deformation and reduction, which removes the need for complex empirical post-processing used in existing methods. In both components, we provide new ideas, including a learnable contour initialization method to replace the empirical methods, dynamic predicted and ground truth vertex pairing for the static vertex correspondence problem, and a lightweight encoder for vertex information extraction and aggregation, which benefit a general contour-based method; and a well-designed vertex classification head for building corner vertices detection, which casts light on direct structured building contour extraction. We also built a suitable large-scale building dataset, the WHU-Mix (vector) building dataset, to benefit the study of contour-based building extraction methods. The extensive experiments conducted on the WHU-Mix (vector) dataset, the WHU dataset, and the CrowdAI dataset verified that BuildMapper can achieve a state-of-the-art performance, with a higher mask average precision (AP) and boundary AP than both segmentation-based and contour-based methods.
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现有的实例分割方法已经达到了令人印象深刻的表现,但仍遭受了共同的困境:一个实例推断出冗余表示(例如,多个框,网格和锚点),这导致了多个重复的预测。因此,主流方法通常依赖于手工设计的非最大抑制(NMS)后处理步骤来选择最佳预测结果,这会阻碍端到端训练。为了解决此问题,我们建议一个称为Uniinst的无盒和无端机实例分割框架,该框架仅对每个实例产生一个唯一的表示。具体而言,我们设计了一种实例意识到的一对一分配方案,即仅产生一个表示(Oyor),该方案根据预测和地面真相之间的匹配质量,动态地为每个实例动态分配一个独特的表示。然后,一种新颖的预测重新排列策略被优雅地集成到框架中,以解决分类评分和掩盖质量之间的错位,从而使学习的表示形式更具歧视性。借助这些技术,我们的Uniinst,第一个基于FCN的盒子和无NMS实例分段框架,实现竞争性能,例如,使用Resnet-50-FPN和40.2 mask AP使用Resnet-101-FPN,使用Resnet-50-FPN和40.2 mask AP,使用Resnet-101-FPN,对抗AP可可测试-DEV的主流方法。此外,提出的实例感知方法对于遮挡场景是可靠的,在重锁定的ochuman基准上,通过杰出的掩码AP优于公共基线。我们的代码将在出版后提供。
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我们提出了一个令人尴尬的简单点注释方案,以收集弱监督,例如分割。除了边界框外,我们还收集了在每个边界框内均匀采样的一组点的二进制标签。我们表明,为完整的掩模监督开发的现有实例细分模型可以通过我们的方案收集基于点的监督而无缝培训。值得注意的是,接受了可可,Pascal VOC,CityScapes和LVI的面具R-CNN,每个物体只有10个带注释的随机点可实现94% - 占其完全监督的性能的98%,为弱化的实例细分定下了强大的基线。新点注释方案的速度比注释完整的对象掩码快5倍,使高质量实例分割在实践中更容易访问。受基于点的注释形式的启发,我们提出了对Pointrend实例分割模块的修改。对于每个对象,称为隐式pointrend的新体系结构生成一个函数的参数,该函数可以使最终的点级掩码预测。隐式Pointrend更加简单,并使用单点级掩蔽丢失。我们的实验表明,新模块更适合基于点的监督。
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两阶段和基于查询的实例分段方法取得了显着的结果。然而,他们的分段面具仍然非常粗糙。在本文中,我们呈现了用于高质量高效的实例分割的掩模转发器。我们的掩模转发器代替常规密集的张量,而不是在常规密集的张量上进行分解,并表示作为Quadtree的图像区域。我们基于变换器的方法仅处理检测到的错误易于树节点,并并行自我纠正其错误。虽然这些稀疏的像素仅构成总数的小比例,但它们对最终掩模质量至关重要。这允许掩模转换器以低计算成本预测高精度的实例掩模。广泛的实验表明,掩模转发器在三个流行的基准上优于当前实例分段方法,显着改善了COCO和BDD100K上的大型+3.0掩模AP的+3.0掩模AP的大余量和CityScapes上的+6.6边界AP。我们的代码和培训的型号将在http://vis.xyz/pub/transfiner提供。
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物体检测在计算机视觉中取得了巨大的进步。具有外观降级的小物体检测是一个突出的挑战,特别是对于鸟瞰观察。为了收集足够的阳性/阴性样本进行启发式训练,大多数物体探测器预设区域锚,以便将交叉联盟(iou)计算在地面判处符号数据上。在这种情况下,小物体经常被遗弃或误标定。在本文中,我们提出了一种有效的动态增强锚(DEA)网络,用于构建新颖的训练样本发生器。与其他最先进的技术不同,所提出的网络利用样品鉴别器来实现基于锚的单元和无锚单元之间的交互式样本筛选,以产生符合资格的样本。此外,通过基于保守的基于锚的推理方案的多任务联合训练增强了所提出的模型的性能,同时降低计算复杂性。所提出的方案支持定向和水平对象检测任务。对两个具有挑战性的空中基准(即,DotA和HRSC2016)的广泛实验表明,我们的方法以适度推理速度和用于训练的计算开销的准确性实现最先进的性能。在DotA上,我们的DEA-NET与ROI变压器的基线集成了0.40%平均平均精度(MAP)的先进方法,以便用较弱的骨干网(Resnet-101 VS Resnet-152)和3.08%平均 - 平均精度(MAP),具有相同骨干网的水平对象检测。此外,我们的DEA网与重新排列的基线一体化实现最先进的性能80.37%。在HRSC2016上,它仅使用3个水平锚点超过1.1%的最佳型号。
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Image instance segmentation is a fundamental research topic in autonomous driving, which is crucial for scene understanding and road safety. Advanced learning-based approaches often rely on the costly 2D mask annotations for training. In this paper, we present a more artful framework, LiDAR-guided Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation (LWSIS), which leverages the off-the-shelf 3D data, i.e., Point Cloud, together with the 3D boxes, as natural weak supervisions for training the 2D image instance segmentation models. Our LWSIS not only exploits the complementary information in multimodal data during training, but also significantly reduces the annotation cost of the dense 2D masks. In detail, LWSIS consists of two crucial modules, Point Label Assignment (PLA) and Graph-based Consistency Regularization (GCR). The former module aims to automatically assign the 3D point cloud as 2D point-wise labels, while the latter further refines the predictions by enforcing geometry and appearance consistency of the multimodal data. Moreover, we conduct a secondary instance segmentation annotation on the nuScenes, named nuInsSeg, to encourage further research on multimodal perception tasks. Extensive experiments on the nuInsSeg, as well as the large-scale Waymo, show that LWSIS can substantially improve existing weakly supervised segmentation models by only involving 3D data during training. Additionally, LWSIS can also be incorporated into 3D object detectors like PointPainting to boost the 3D detection performance for free. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/Serenos/LWSIS.
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分割高度重叠的图像对象是具有挑战性的,因为图像上的真实对象轮廓和遮挡边界之间通常没有区别。与先前的实例分割方法不同,我们将图像形成模拟为两个重叠层的组成,并提出了双层卷积网络(BCNET),其中顶层检测到遮挡对象(遮挡器),而底层则渗透到部分闭塞实例(胶囊)。遮挡关系与双层结构的显式建模自然地将遮挡和遮挡实例的边界解散,并在掩模回归过程中考虑了它们之间的相互作用。我们使用两种流行的卷积网络设计(即完全卷积网络(FCN)和图形卷积网络(GCN))研究了双层结构的功效。此外,我们通过将图像中的实例表示为单独的可学习封闭器和封闭者查询,从而使用视觉变压器(VIT)制定双层解耦。使用一个/两个阶段和基于查询的对象探测器具有各种骨架和网络层选择验证双层解耦合的概括能力,如图像实例分段基准(可可,亲戚,可可)和视频所示实例分割基准(YTVIS,OVIS,BDD100K MOTS),特别是对于重闭塞病例。代码和数据可在https://github.com/lkeab/bcnet上找到。
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随着深度卷积神经网络的兴起,对象检测在过去几年中取得了突出的进步。但是,这种繁荣无法掩盖小物体检测(SOD)的不令人满意的情况,这是计算机视觉中臭名昭著的挑战性任务之一,这是由于视觉外观不佳和由小目标的内在结构引起的嘈杂表示。此外,用于基准小对象检测方法基准测试的大规模数据集仍然是瓶颈。在本文中,我们首先对小物体检测进行了详尽的审查。然后,为了催化SOD的发展,我们分别构建了两个大规模的小物体检测数据集(SODA),SODA-D和SODA-A,分别集中在驾驶和空中场景上。 SODA-D包括24704个高质量的交通图像和277596个9个类别的实例。对于苏打水,我们收集2510个高分辨率航空图像,并在9个类别上注释800203实例。众所周知,拟议的数据集是有史以来首次尝试使用针对多类SOD量身定制的大量注释实例进行大规模基准测试。最后,我们评估主流方法在苏打水上的性能。我们预计发布的基准可以促进SOD的发展,并产生该领域的更多突破。数据集和代码将很快在:\ url {https://shaunyuan22.github.io/soda}上。
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本文通过解决面具可逆性问题来研究建筑物多边形映射的问题,该问题导致了基于学习的方法的预测蒙版和多边形之间的显着性能差距。我们通过利用分层监督(底部级顶点,中层线段和高级区域口罩)来解决此问题,并提出了一种新颖用于建筑物多边形映射的面具。结果,我们表明,学识渊博的可逆建筑面具占据了深度卷积神经网络的所有优点,用于建筑物的高绩效多边形映射。在实验中,我们评估了对Aicrowd和Inria的两个公共基准的方法。在Aicrowd数据集上,我们提出的方法对AP,APBOUNDARY和POLIS的指标获得了一致改进。对于Inria数据集,我们提出的方法还获得了IOU和准确性指标的竞争结果。型号和源代码可在https://github.com/sarahwxu上获得。
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本文介绍了端到端的实例分段框架,称为SOIT,该段具有实例感知变压器的段对象。灵感来自Detr〜\ Cite {carion2020end},我们的方法视图实例分段为直接设置预测问题,有效地消除了对ROI裁剪,一对多标签分配等许多手工制作组件的需求,以及非最大抑制( nms)。在SOIT中,通过在全局图像上下文下直接地将多个查询直接理解语义类别,边界框位置和像素 - WISE掩码的一组对象嵌入。类和边界盒可以通过固定长度的向量轻松嵌入。尤其是由一组参数嵌入像素方面的掩模以构建轻量级实例感知变压器。之后,实例感知变压器产生全分辨率掩码,而不涉及基于ROI的任何操作。总的来说,SOIT介绍了一个简单的单级实例分段框架,它是无乐和NMS的。 MS Coco DataSet上的实验结果表明,优于最先进的实例分割显着的优势。此外,在统一查询嵌入中的多个任务的联合学习还可以大大提高检测性能。代码可用于\ url {https://github.com/yuxiaodonghri/soit}。
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在重建掩码的实例分段网络的设计中,分段通常是其文字定义 - 分配每个像素标签。这导致了将问题视为匹配一个问题,其中一个目标是最小化重建和地面真相像素之间的损耗。重新思考重建网络作为发电机,我们定义了预测掩模作为GAN游戏框架的问题:分割网络生成掩码,鉴别器网络决定掩码的质量。为了演示这个游戏,我们对掩模R-CNN的普通分段框架显示了有效修改。我们发现,在特征空间中播放游戏比导致鉴别器和发电机之间的稳定训练的像素空间更有效,应该通过预测对象的上下文区域来替换预测对象坐标,并且整体对抗性损失有助于性能和消除每个不同数据域的任何自定义设置都需要。我们在各个域中测试我们的框架并报告手机回收,自动驾驶,大规模对象检测和医用腺体。我们观察到一般的GANS产生掩模,该掩模占克里克里德界,杂乱,小物体和细节,处于规则形状或异质和聚结形状的领域。我们的再现结果的代码可公开提供。
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