在这项工作中,我们介绍了患者生成的含量中第一个用于德国不良药物反应(ADR)检测的语料库。该数据包括来自德国患者论坛的4,169个二进制注释的文档,用户谈论健康问题并从医生那里获得建议。正如该领域的社交媒体数据中常见的那样,语料库的类标签非常不平衡。这一主题不平衡使其成为一个非常具有挑战性的数据集,因为通常相同的症状可能会有几种原因,并且并不总是与药物摄入有关。我们旨在鼓励在ADR检测领域进行进一步的多语性努力,并使用基于多语言模型的零和少数学习方法为二进制分类提供初步实验。当对XLM-Roberta进行微调首先在英语患者论坛数据上,然后在新的德国数据上进行微调时,我们的正面级别的F1得分为37.52。我们使数据集和模型公开可供社区使用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
姿态检测的目标是确定以目标朝向目标的文本中表达的视点。这些观点或上下文通常以许多不同的语言表达,这取决于用户和平台,这可以是本地新闻插座,社交媒体平台,新闻论坛等。然而,姿态检测的大多数研究已经限于使用单一语言和几个有限的目标,在交叉舌姿态检测很少有效。此外,标记数据的非英语来源通常稀缺,并具有额外的挑战。最近,大型多语言语言模型在许多非英语任务上大大提高了性能,尤其是具有有限数量的示例。这突出了模型预培训的重要性及其从少数例子中学习的能力。在本文中,我们展示了对日期交叉姿态检测的最全面的研究:我们在6名语言系列中使用12种语言的12种不同的数据集进行实验,每个都有6个低资源评估设置。对于我们的实验,我们构建了模式开发培训,提出了添加一种新颖的标签编码器来简化言语程序。我们进一步提出了基于情绪的姿态数据进行预培训,这在与几个强的基线相比,在低拍摄环境中显示了大量的6%F1绝对的增长。
translated by 谷歌翻译
自2020年初以来,Covid-19-19造成了全球重大影响。这给社会带来了很多困惑,尤其是由于错误信息通过社交媒体传播。尽管已经有几项与在社交媒体数据中发现错误信息有关的研究,但大多数研究都集中在英语数据集上。印度尼西亚的COVID-19错误信息检测的研究仍然很少。因此,通过这项研究,我们收集和注释印尼语的数据集,并通过考虑该推文的相关性来构建用于检测COVID-19错误信息的预测模型。数据集构造是由一组注释者进行的,他们标记了推文数据的相关性和错误信息。在这项研究中,我们使用印度培训预培训的语言模型提出了两阶段分类器模型,以进行推文错误信息检测任务。我们还尝试了其他几种基线模型进行文本分类。实验结果表明,对于相关性预测,BERT序列分类器的组合和用于错误信息检测的BI-LSTM的组合优于其他机器学习模型,精度为87.02%。总体而言,BERT利用率有助于大多数预测模型的更高性能。我们发布了高质量的Covid-19错误信息推文语料库,用高通道一致性表示。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在过去的十年中,越来越多的用户开始在社交媒体平台,博客和健康论坛上报告不良药物事件(ADE)。鉴于大量报告,药物宣传的重点是使用自然语言处理(NLP)技术快速检查这些大量文本收集的方法,从而提到了与药物相关的不良反应对触发医学调查的提及。但是,尽管对任务和NLP的进步越来越兴趣,但面对语言现象(例如否定和猜测),这些模型的鲁棒性是一个公开的研究问题。否定和猜测是自然语言中普遍存在的现象,可以严重阻碍自动化系统区分文本中事实和非事实陈述的能力。在本文中,我们考虑了在社交媒体文本上进行ADE检测的四个最新系统。我们介绍了Snax,这是一种基准测试,以测试其性能,以对包含被否定和推测的ADE的样品进行样本,显示它们针对这些现象的脆弱性。然后,我们引入了两种可能提高这些模型的鲁棒性的可能策略,表明它们俩都带来了大幅提高性能,从而将模型预测的伪造实体数量降低了60%以否定为否定,而猜测为80%。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Migraine is a high-prevalence and disabling neurological disorder. However, information migraine management in real-world settings could be limited to traditional health information sources. In this paper, we (i) verify that there is substantial migraine-related chatter available on social media (Twitter and Reddit), self-reported by migraine sufferers; (ii) develop a platform-independent text classification system for automatically detecting self-reported migraine-related posts, and (iii) conduct analyses of the self-reported posts to assess the utility of social media for studying this problem. We manually annotated 5750 Twitter posts and 302 Reddit posts. Our system achieved an F1 score of 0.90 on Twitter and 0.93 on Reddit. Analysis of information posted by our 'migraine cohort' revealed the presence of a plethora of relevant information about migraine therapies and patient sentiments associated with them. Our study forms the foundation for conducting an in-depth analysis of migraine-related information using social media data.
translated by 谷歌翻译
The widespread of offensive content online, such as hate speech and cyber-bullying, is a global phenomenon. This has sparked interest in the artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) communities, motivating the development of various systems trained to detect potentially harmful content automatically. These systems require annotated datasets to train the machine learning (ML) models. However, with a few notable exceptions, most datasets on this topic have dealt with English and a few other high-resource languages. As a result, the research in offensive language identification has been limited to these languages. This paper addresses this gap by tackling offensive language identification in Sinhala, a low-resource Indo-Aryan language spoken by over 17 million people in Sri Lanka. We introduce the Sinhala Offensive Language Dataset (SOLD) and present multiple experiments on this dataset. SOLD is a manually annotated dataset containing 10,000 posts from Twitter annotated as offensive and not offensive at both sentence-level and token-level, improving the explainability of the ML models. SOLD is the first large publicly available offensive language dataset compiled for Sinhala. We also introduce SemiSOLD, a larger dataset containing more than 145,000 Sinhala tweets, annotated following a semi-supervised approach.
translated by 谷歌翻译
社交媒体数据已成为有关现实世界危机事件的及时信息的有用来源。与将社交媒体用于灾难管理有关的主要任务之一是自动识别与危机相关的消息。关于该主题的大多数研究都集中在特定语言中特定类型事件的数据分析上。这限制了概括现有方法的可能性,因为模型不能直接应用于新类型的事件或其他语言。在这项工作中,我们研究了通过利用跨语言和跨域标记数据来自动对与危机事件相关的消息进行分类的任务。我们的目标是利用来自高资源语言的标记数据来对其他(低资源)语言和/或新(以前看不见的)类型的危机情况进行分类。在我们的研究中,我们从文献中合并了一个大型统一数据集,其中包含多个危机事件和语言。我们的经验发现表明,确实有可能利用英语危机事件的数据来对其他语言(例如西班牙语和意大利语)(80.0%的F1得分)对相同类型的事件进行分类。此外,我们在跨语言环境中为跨域任务(80.0%F1得分)取得了良好的性能。总体而言,我们的工作有助于改善数据稀缺问题,这对于多语言危机分类非常重要。特别是,当时间是本质的时候,可以减轻紧急事件中的冷启动情况。
translated by 谷歌翻译
由于结构化数据通常不足,因此在开发用于临床信息检索和决策支持系统模型时,需要从电子健康记录中的自由文本中提取标签。临床文本中最重要的上下文特性之一是否定,这表明没有发现。我们旨在通过比较荷兰临床注释中的三种否定检测方法来改善标签的大规模提取。我们使用Erasmus医疗中心荷兰临床语料库比较了基于ContextD的基于规则的方法,即使用MEDCAT和(Fineted)基于Roberta的模型的BilstM模型。我们发现,Bilstm和Roberta模型都在F1得分,精度和召回方面始终优于基于规则的模型。此外,我们将每个模型的分类错误系统地分类,这些错误可用于进一步改善特定应用程序的模型性能。在性能方面,将三个模型结合起来并不有益。我们得出的结论是,尤其是基于Bilstm和Roberta的模型在检测临床否定方面非常准确,但是最终,根据手头的用例,这三种方法最终都可以可行。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Hope is characterized as openness of spirit toward the future, a desire, expectation, and wish for something to happen or to be true that remarkably affects human's state of mind, emotions, behaviors, and decisions. Hope is usually associated with concepts of desired expectations and possibility/probability concerning the future. Despite its importance, hope has rarely been studied as a social media analysis task. This paper presents a hope speech dataset that classifies each tweet first into "Hope" and "Not Hope", then into three fine-grained hope categories: "Generalized Hope", "Realistic Hope", and "Unrealistic Hope" (along with "Not Hope"). English tweets in the first half of 2022 were collected to build this dataset. Furthermore, we describe our annotation process and guidelines in detail and discuss the challenges of classifying hope and the limitations of the existing hope speech detection corpora. In addition, we reported several baselines based on different learning approaches, such as traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transformers, to benchmark our dataset. We evaluated our baselines using weighted-averaged and macro-averaged F1-scores. Observations show that a strict process for annotator selection and detailed annotation guidelines enhanced the dataset's quality. This strict annotation process resulted in promising performance for simple machine learning classifiers with only bi-grams; however, binary and multiclass hope speech detection results reveal that contextual embedding models have higher performance in this dataset.
translated by 谷歌翻译
由于传统的社交媒体平台继续禁止演员传播仇恨言论或其他形式的滥用语言(称为令人作为令人作为的过程),因此这些演员迁移到不适中用户内容的替代平台。一个流行的平台与德国Hater社区相关,是迄今为止已经有限的研究工作的电报。本研究旨在开发一个广泛的框架,包括(i)用于德国电报消息的滥用语言分类模型和(ii)电报频道仇恨性的分类模型。对于第一部分,我们使用包含来自其他平台的帖子的现有滥用语言数据集来开发我们的分类模型。对于信道分类模型,我们开发了一种方法,该方法将从主题模型中收集的信道特定内容信息与社会图组合以预测频道的仇恨性。此外,我们补充了这两种仇恨语音检测方法,并在德国电报上的呼吸群落演变。我们还提出了对仇恨语音研究界进行可扩展网络分析的方法。作为本研究的额外输出,我们提供了包含1,149个注释电报消息的注释滥用语言数据集。
translated by 谷歌翻译
As demand for large corpora increases with the size of current state-of-the-art language models, using web data as the main part of the pre-training corpus for these models has become a ubiquitous practice. This, in turn, has introduced an important challenge for NLP practitioners, as they are now confronted with the task of developing highly optimized models and pipelines for pre-processing large quantities of textual data, which implies, effectively classifying and filtering multilingual, heterogeneous and noisy data, at web scale. One of the main components of this pre-processing step for the pre-training corpora of large language models, is the removal of adult and harmful content. In this paper we explore different methods for detecting adult and harmful of content in multilingual heterogeneous web data. We first show how traditional methods in harmful content detection, that seemingly perform quite well in small and specialized datasets quickly break down when confronted with heterogeneous noisy web data. We then resort to using a perplexity based approach but with a twist: Instead of using a so-called "clean" corpus to train a small language model and then use perplexity so select the documents with low perplexity, i.e., the documents that resemble this so-called "clean" corpus the most. We train solely with adult and harmful textual data, and then select the documents having a perplexity value above a given threshold. This approach will virtually cluster our documents into two distinct groups, which will greatly facilitate the choice of the threshold for the perplexity and will also allow us to obtain higher precision than with the traditional classification methods for detecting adult and harmful content.
translated by 谷歌翻译
情感分析是NLP中研究最广泛的应用程序之一,但大多数工作都集中在具有大量数据的语言上。我们介绍了尼日利亚的四种口语最广泛的语言(Hausa,Igbo,Nigerian-Pidgin和Yor \'ub \'a)的第一个大规模的人类通知的Twitter情感数据集,该数据集由大约30,000个注释的推文组成(以及每种语言的大约30,000个)(以及14,000尼日利亚猎人),其中包括大量的代码混合推文。我们提出了文本收集,过滤,处理和标记方法,使我们能够为这些低资源语言创建数据集。我们评估了数据集上的预训练模型和转移策略。我们发现特定于语言的模型和语言适应性芬通常表现最好。我们将数据集,训练的模型,情感词典和代码释放到激励措施中,以代表性不足的语言进行情感分析。
translated by 谷歌翻译
对仇恨言论和冒犯性语言(HOF)的认可通常是作为一项分类任务,以决定文本是否包含HOF。我们研究HOF检测是否可以通过考虑HOF和类似概念之间的关系来获利:(a)HOF与情感分析有关,因为仇恨言论通常是负面陈述并表达了负面意见; (b)这与情绪分析有关,因为表达的仇恨指向作者经历(或假装体验)愤怒的同时经历(或旨在体验)恐惧。 (c)最后,HOF的一个构成要素是提及目标人或群体。在此基础上,我们假设HOF检测在与这些概念共同建模时,在多任务学习设置中进行了改进。我们将实验基于这些概念的现有数据集(情感,情感,HOF的目标),并在Hasoc Fire 2021英语子任务1A中评估我们的模型作为参与者(作为IMS-Sinai团队)。基于模型选择实验,我们考虑了多个可用的资源和共享任务的提交,我们发现人群情绪语料库,Semeval 2016年情感语料库和犯罪2019年目标检测数据的组合导致F1 =。 79在基于BERT的多任务多任务学习模型中,与Plain Bert的.7895相比。在HASOC 2019测试数据上,该结果更为巨大,而F1中的增加2pp和召回大幅增加。在两个数据集(2019,2021)中,HOF类的召回量尤其增加(2019年数据的6pp和2021数据的3pp),表明MTL具有情感,情感和目标识别是适合的方法可能部署在社交媒体平台中的预警系统。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Automated offensive language detection is essential in combating the spread of hate speech, particularly in social media. This paper describes our work on Offensive Language Identification in low resource Indic language Marathi. The problem is formulated as a text classification task to identify a tweet as offensive or non-offensive. We evaluate different mono-lingual and multi-lingual BERT models on this classification task, focusing on BERT models pre-trained with social media datasets. We compare the performance of MuRIL, MahaTweetBERT, MahaTweetBERT-Hateful, and MahaBERT on the HASOC 2022 test set. We also explore external data augmentation from other existing Marathi hate speech corpus HASOC 2021 and L3Cube-MahaHate. The MahaTweetBERT, a BERT model, pre-trained on Marathi tweets when fine-tuned on the combined dataset (HASOC 2021 + HASOC 2022 + MahaHate), outperforms all models with an F1 score of 98.43 on the HASOC 2022 test set. With this, we also provide a new state-of-the-art result on HASOC 2022 / MOLD v2 test set.
translated by 谷歌翻译
随着社交媒体平台影响的增长,滥用的影响变得越来越有影响力。自动检测威胁和滥用语言的重要性不能高估。但是,大多数现有的研究和最先进的方法都以英语为目标语言,对低资产品语言的工作有限。在本文中,我们介绍了乌尔都语的两项滥用和威胁性语言检测的任务,该任务在全球范围内拥有超过1.7亿扬声器。两者都被视为二进制分类任务,其中需要参与系统将乌尔都语中的推文分类为两个类别,即:(i)第一个任务的滥用和不滥用,以及(ii)第二次威胁和不威胁。我们提供两个手动注释的数据集,其中包含标有(i)滥用和非虐待的推文,以及(ii)威胁和无威胁。滥用数据集在火车零件中包含2400个注释的推文,测试部分中包含1100个注释的推文。威胁数据集在火车部分中包含6000个注释的推文,测试部分中包含3950个注释的推文。我们还为这两个任务提供了逻辑回归和基于BERT的基线分类器。在这项共同的任务中,来自六个国家的21个团队注册参加了参与(印度,巴基斯坦,中国,马来西亚,阿拉伯联合酋长国和台湾),有10个团队提交了子任务A的奔跑,这是虐待语言检测,9个团队提交了他们的奔跑对于正在威胁语言检测的子任务B,七个团队提交了技术报告。最佳性能系统达到子任务A的F1得分值为0.880,子任务为0.545。对于两个子任务,基于M-Bert的变压器模型都表现出最佳性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在自然语言处理中,已证明使用预训练的语言模型可以在许多下游任务(例如情感分析,作者识别等)中获得最先进的结果。在这项工作中,我们解决了这些方法从文本中使用的人格分类。着眼于Myers-Briggs(MBTI)人格模型,我们描述了一系列实验,其中众所周知的双向编码器表示来自变形金刚(BERT)模型的模型进行微调以执行MBTI分类。我们的主要发现表明,当前方法在多种评估方案中基于词袋和静态单词嵌入方式大大优于众所周知的文本分类模型,并且通常在该领域的先前工作都优于先前的工作。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Understanding customer feedback is becoming a necessity for companies to identify problems and improve their products and services. Text classification and sentiment analysis can play a major role in analyzing this data by using a variety of machine and deep learning approaches. In this work, different transformer-based models are utilized to explore how efficient these models are when working with a German customer feedback dataset. In addition, these pre-trained models are further analyzed to determine if adapting them to a specific domain using unlabeled data can yield better results than off-the-shelf pre-trained models. To evaluate the models, two downstream tasks from the GermEval 2017 are considered. The experimental results show that transformer-based models can reach significant improvements compared to a fastText baseline and outperform the published scores and previous models. For the subtask Relevance Classification, the best models achieve a micro-averaged $F1$-Score of 96.1 % on the first test set and 95.9 % on the second one, and a score of 85.1 % and 85.3 % for the subtask Polarity Classification.
translated by 谷歌翻译
The shift of public debate to the digital sphere has been accompanied by a rise in online hate speech. While many promising approaches for hate speech classification have been proposed, studies often focus only on a single language, usually English, and do not address three key concerns: post-deployment performance, classifier maintenance and infrastructural limitations. In this paper, we introduce a new human-in-the-loop BERT-based hate speech classification pipeline and trace its development from initial data collection and annotation all the way to post-deployment. Our classifier, trained using data from our original corpus of over 422k examples, is specifically developed for the inherently multilingual setting of Switzerland and outperforms with its F1 score of 80.5 the currently best-performing BERT-based multilingual classifier by 5.8 F1 points in German and 3.6 F1 points in French. Our systematic evaluations over a 12-month period further highlight the vital importance of continuous, human-in-the-loop classifier maintenance to ensure robust hate speech classification post-deployment.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Covid-19已遍布全球,已经开发了几种疫苗来应对其激增。为了确定与社交媒体帖子中与疫苗相关的正确情感,我们在与Covid-19疫苗相关的推文上微调了各种最新的预训练的变压器模型。具体而言,我们使用最近引入的最先进的预训练的变压器模型Roberta,XLNet和Bert,以及在CoVID-19的推文中预先训练的域特异性变压器模型CT-Bert和Bertweet。我们通过使用基于语言模型的过采样技术(LMOTE)过采样来进一步探索文本扩展的选项,以改善这些模型的准确性,特别是对于小样本数据集,在正面,负面和中性情感类别之间存在不平衡的类别分布。我们的结果总结了我们关于用于微调最先进的预训练的变压器模型的不平衡小样本数据集的文本过采样的适用性,以及针对分类任务的域特异性变压器模型的实用性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
人们经常利用在线媒体(例如Facebook,reddit)作为表达心理困扰并寻求支持的平台。最先进的NLP技术表现出强大的潜力,可以自动从文本中检测到心理健康问题。研究表明,心理健康问题反映在人类选择中所表明的情绪(例如悲伤)中。因此,我们开发了一种新颖的情绪注释的心理健康语料库(Emoment),由2802个Facebook帖子(14845个句子)组成,该帖子从两个南亚国家(斯里兰卡和印度)提取。三名临床心理学研究生参与了将这些职位注释分为八​​类,包括“精神疾病”(例如抑郁症)和情绪(例如,“悲伤”,“愤怒”)。 Emoment语料库达到了98.3%的“非常好”的跨通道协议(即有两个或更多协议),而Fleiss的Kappa为0.82。我们基于罗伯塔的模型的F1得分为0.76,第一个任务的宏观平均F1得分为0.77(即,从职位预测心理健康状况)和第二任务(即相关帖子与定义的类别的关联程度在我们的分类法中)。
translated by 谷歌翻译