Image quality assessment (IQA) forms a natural and often straightforward undertaking for humans, yet effective automation of the task remains highly challenging. Recent metrics from the deep learning community commonly compare image pairs during training to improve upon traditional metrics such as PSNR or SSIM. However, current comparisons ignore the fact that image content affects quality assessment as comparisons only occur between images of similar content. This restricts the diversity and number of image pairs that the model is exposed to during training. In this paper, we strive to enrich these comparisons with content diversity. Firstly, we relax comparison constraints, and compare pairs of images with differing content. This increases the variety of available comparisons. Secondly, we introduce listwise comparisons to provide a holistic view to the model. By including differentiable regularizers, derived from correlation coefficients, models can better adjust predicted scores relative to one another. Evaluation on multiple benchmarks, covering a wide range of distortions and image content, shows the effectiveness of our learning scheme for training image quality assessment models.

图像质量评估（IQA）指标被广泛用于定量估计一些形成，恢复，转换或增强算法后图像降解的程度。我们提出了Pytorch图像质量（PIQ），这是一个以可用性为中心的库，其中包含最受欢迎的现代IQA算法，并保证根据其原始命题正确实现并进行了彻底验证。在本文中，我们详细介绍了图书馆基础背后的原则，描述了使其可靠的评估策略，提供了展示性能时间权衡的基准，并强调了GPU加速的好处Pytorch后端。Pytorch图像质量是一个开源软件：https：//github.com/photosynthesis-team/piq/。

基于深度学习的立体图像超分辨率（StereOSR）的最新研究促进了Stereosr的发展。但是，现有的立体声模型主要集中于改善定量评估指标，并忽略了超级分辨立体图像的视觉质量。为了提高感知性能，本文提出了第一个面向感知的立体图像超分辨率方法，通过利用反馈，这是对立体声结果的感知质量的评估提供的。为了为StereOSR模型提供准确的指导，我们开发了第一个特殊的立体图像超分辨率质量评估（StereOSRQA）模型，并进一步构建了StereOSRQA数据库。广泛的实验表明，我们的Stereosr方法显着提高了感知质量，并提高了立体声图像的可靠性以进行差异估计。

本文报告了NTIRE 2022关于感知图像质量评估（IQA）的挑战，并与CVPR 2022的图像恢复和增强研讨会（NTIRE）研讨会（NTIRE）讲习班的新趋势举行。感知图像处理算法。这些算法的输出图像与传统扭曲具有完全不同的特征，并包含在此挑战中使用的PIP数据集中。这个挑战分为两条曲目，一个类似于以前的NTIRE IQA挑战的全参考IQA轨道，以及一条侧重于No-Reference IQA方法的新曲目。挑战有192和179名注册参与者的两条曲目。在最后的测试阶段，有7和8个参与的团队提交了模型和事实表。几乎所有这些都比现有的IQA方法取得了更好的结果，并且获胜方法可以证明最先进的性能。

The Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SR-GAN) [1] is a seminal work that is capable of generating realistic textures during single image super-resolution. However, the hallucinated details are often accompanied with unpleasant artifacts. To further enhance the visual quality, we thoroughly study three key components of SRGANnetwork architecture, adversarial loss and perceptual loss, and improve each of them to derive an Enhanced SRGAN (ESRGAN). In particular, we introduce the Residual-in-Residual Dense Block (RRDB) without batch normalization as the basic network building unit. Moreover, we borrow the idea from relativistic GAN [2] to let the discriminator predict relative realness instead of the absolute value. Finally, we improve the perceptual loss by using the features before activation, which could provide stronger supervision for brightness consistency and texture recovery. Benefiting from these improvements, the proposed ESRGAN achieves consistently better visual quality with more realistic and natural textures than SRGAN and won the first place in the PIRM2018-SR Challenge 1 [3]. The code is available at https://github.com/xinntao/ESRGAN.

在这项工作中，我们介绍了梯度暹罗网络（GSN）进行图像质量评估。所提出的方法熟练地捕获了全参考图像质量评估（IQA）任务中扭曲的图像和参考图像之间的梯度特征。我们利用中央微分卷积获得图像对中隐藏的语义特征和细节差异。此外，空间注意力指导网络专注于与图像细节相关的区域。对于网络提取的低级，中级和高级功能，我们创新设计了一种多级融合方法，以提高功能利用率的效率。除了常见的均方根错误监督外，我们还进一步考虑了批处理样本之间的相对距离，并成功地将KL差异丢失应用于图像质量评估任务。我们在几个公开可用的数据集上试验了提出的算法GSN，并证明了其出色的性能。我们的网络赢得了NTIRE 2022感知图像质量评估挑战赛1的第二名。

图像质量评估（IQA）是图像处理任务（例如压缩）的基本指标。使用了全参考iQA，使用了传统的智商，例如PSNR和SSIM。最近，还使用了基于深神经网络（深IQA）的IQA，例如LPIPS和DIST。众所周知，图像缩放在深IQA中是不一致的，因为有些则在预处理中执行下降，而另一些则使用原始图像大小。在本文中，我们表明图像量表是影响深度IQA性能的影响因素。我们在同一五个数据集上全面评估了四个深IQA，实验结果表明，图像量表会显着影响IQA性能。我们发现，最合适的图像量表通常既不是默认尺寸也不是原始大小，并且选择取决于所使用的方法和数据集。我们看到了稳定性，发现PIEAPP是四个深IQA中最稳定的。

现有的基于深度学习的全参考IQA（FR-IQA）模型通常通过明确比较特征，以确定性的方式预测图像质量，从而衡量图像严重扭曲的图像是多远，相应的功能与参考的空间相对远。图片。本文中，我们从不同的角度看这个问题，并提议从统计分布的角度对知觉空间中的质量降解进行建模。因此，根据深度特征域中的Wasserstein距离来测量质量。更具体地说，根据执行最终质量评分，测量了预训练VGG网络的每个阶段的1Dwasserstein距离。 Deep Wasserstein距离（DEEPWSD）在神经网络的功能上执行的，可以更好地解释由各种扭曲引起的质量污染，并提出了高级质量预测能力。广泛的实验和理论分析表明，在质量预测和优化方面，提出的DEEPWSD的优越性。

随着深度学习（DL）的出现，超分辨率（SR）也已成为一个蓬勃发展的研究领域。然而，尽管结果有希望，但该领域仍然面临需要进一步研究的挑战，例如，允许灵活地采样，更有效的损失功能和更好的评估指标。我们根据最近的进步来回顾SR的域，并检查最新模型，例如扩散（DDPM）和基于变压器的SR模型。我们对SR中使用的当代策略进行了批判性讨论，并确定了有前途但未开发的研究方向。我们通过纳入该领域的最新发展，例如不确定性驱动的损失，小波网络，神经体系结构搜索，新颖的归一化方法和最新评估技术来补充先前的调查。我们还为整章中的模型和方法提供了几种可视化，以促进对该领域趋势的全球理解。最终，这篇综述旨在帮助研究人员推动DL应用于SR的界限。

图像超分辨率（SR）是重要的图像处理方法之一，可改善计算机视野领域的图像分辨率。在过去的二十年中，在超级分辨率领域取得了重大进展，尤其是通过使用深度学习方法。这项调查是为了在深度学习的角度进行详细的调查，对单像超分辨率的最新进展进行详细的调查，同时还将告知图像超分辨率的初始经典方法。该调查将图像SR方法分类为四个类别，即经典方法，基于学习的方法，无监督学习的方法和特定领域的SR方法。我们还介绍了SR的问题，以提供有关图像质量指标，可用参考数据集和SR挑战的直觉。使用参考数据集评估基于深度学习的方法。一些审查的最先进的图像SR方法包括增强的深SR网络（EDSR），周期循环gan（Cincgan），多尺度残留网络（MSRN），Meta残留密度网络（META-RDN） ，反复反射网络（RBPN），二阶注意网络（SAN），SR反馈网络（SRFBN）和基于小波的残留注意网络（WRAN）。最后，这项调查以研究人员将解决SR的未来方向和趋势和开放问题的未来方向和趋势。

Single image super-resolution is the task of inferring a high-resolution image from a single low-resolution input. Traditionally, the performance of algorithms for this task is measured using pixel-wise reconstruction measures such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) which have been shown to correlate poorly with the human perception of image quality. As a result, algorithms minimizing these metrics tend to produce over-smoothed images that lack highfrequency textures and do not look natural despite yielding high PSNR values.We propose a novel application of automated texture synthesis in combination with a perceptual loss focusing on creating realistic textures rather than optimizing for a pixelaccurate reproduction of ground truth images during training. By using feed-forward fully convolutional neural networks in an adversarial training setting, we achieve a significant boost in image quality at high magnification ratios. Extensive experiments on a number of datasets show the effectiveness of our approach, yielding state-of-the-art results in both quantitative and qualitative benchmarks.

Scale-invariance is an open problem in many computer vision subfields. For example, object labels should remain constant across scales, yet model predictions diverge in many cases. This problem gets harder for tasks where the ground-truth labels change with the presentation scale. In image quality assessment (IQA), downsampling attenuates impairments, e.g., blurs or compression artifacts, which can positively affect the impression evoked in subjective studies. To accurately predict perceptual image quality, cross-resolution IQA methods must therefore account for resolution-dependent errors induced by model inadequacies as well as for the perceptual label shifts in the ground truth. We present the first study of its kind that disentangles and examines the two issues separately via KonX, a novel, carefully crafted cross-resolution IQA database. This paper contributes the following: 1. Through KonX, we provide empirical evidence of label shifts caused by changes in the presentation resolution. 2. We show that objective IQA methods have a scale bias, which reduces their predictive performance. 3. We propose a multi-scale and multi-column DNN architecture that improves performance over previous state-of-the-art IQA models for this task, including recent transformers. We thus both raise and address a novel research problem in image quality assessment.

Objective methods for assessing perceptual image quality have traditionally attempted to quantify the visibility of errors between a distorted image and a reference image using a variety of known properties of the human visual system. Under the assumption that human visual perception is highly adapted for extracting structural information from a scene, we introduce an alternative framework for quality assessment based on the degradation of structural information. As a specific example of this concept, we develop a Structural Similarity Index and demonstrate its promise through a set of intuitive examples, as well as comparison to both subjective ratings and state-of-the-art objective methods on a database of images compressed with JPEG and JPEG2000. 1

超级分辨率是一个不良问题，其中基本真理的高分辨率图像仅代表合理解决方案的空间中的一种可能性。然而，主导范式是采用像素 - 明智的损失，例如L_1，其驱动预测模糊的平均值。当与对抗性损失相结合时，这导致了根本相互矛盾的目标，这降低了最终质量。我们通过重新审视L_1丢失来解决此问题，并表明它对应于单层条件流程。灵感来自这一关系，我们探讨了一般流动作为L_1目标的忠诚替代品。我们证明，在与对抗性损失结合时，更深流量的灵活性导致更好的视觉质量和一致性。我们对三个数据集和比例因子进行广泛的用户研究，其中我们的方法被证明了为光逼真的超分辨率优于最先进的方法。代码和培训的型号可在：git.io/adflow

图像质量评估（IQA）算法旨在再现人类对图像质量的看法。图像增强，生成和恢复模型的日益普及促使开发了许多方法来评估其性能。但是，大多数IQA解决方案旨在预测通用域中的图像质量，并适用于特定区域，例如医学成像，保持可疑。此外，对于特定任务的这些IQA指标的选择通常涉及故意引起的扭曲，例如手动添加噪声或人工模糊。然而，随后选择的指标被用来判断现实生活中计算机视觉模型的输出。在这项工作中，我们渴望通过对迄今为止的磁共振成像（MRI）进行最广泛的IQA评估研究来填补这些空白（14,700个主观得分）。我们使用经过培训的神经网络模型的输出，以解决与MRI相关的问题，包括扫描加速度，运动校正和DENOSISING中的图像重建。我们的重点是反映放射科医生对重建图像的看法，评估了MRI扫描质量的最具诊断性影响的标准：信噪比，对比度与噪声比率和人工制品的存在。七位训练有素的放射科医生评估了这些扭曲的图像，其判决随后与35个不同的图像质量指标（考虑到全参考，无参考和基于分布的指标）相关。对于所有被认为是解剖学和目标任务的三个拟议质量标准，发现最高的表现者 - DIST，HAARPSI，VSI和FID-VGG16 - 在三个提出的质量标准中都是有效的。

Face Restoration (FR) aims to restore High-Quality (HQ) faces from Low-Quality (LQ) input images, which is a domain-specific image restoration problem in the low-level computer vision area. The early face restoration methods mainly use statistic priors and degradation models, which are difficult to meet the requirements of real-world applications in practice. In recent years, face restoration has witnessed great progress after stepping into the deep learning era. However, there are few works to study deep learning-based face restoration methods systematically. Thus, this paper comprehensively surveys recent advances in deep learning techniques for face restoration. Specifically, we first summarize different problem formulations and analyze the characteristic of the face image. Second, we discuss the challenges of face restoration. Concerning these challenges, we present a comprehensive review of existing FR methods, including prior based methods and deep learning-based methods. Then, we explore developed techniques in the task of FR covering network architectures, loss functions, and benchmark datasets. We also conduct a systematic benchmark evaluation on representative methods. Finally, we discuss future directions, including network designs, metrics, benchmark datasets, applications,etc. We also provide an open-source repository for all the discussed methods, which is available at https://github.com/TaoWangzj/Awesome-Face-Restoration.

The structural similarity image quality paradigm is based on the assumption that the human visual system is highly adapted for extracting structural information from the scene, and therefore a measure of structural similarity can provide a good approximation to perceived image quality. This paper proposes a multi-scale structural similarity method, which supplies more flexibility than previous single-scale methods in incorporating the variations of viewing conditions. We develop an image synthesis method to calibrate the parameters that define the relative importance of different scales. Experimental comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

面部超分辨率（FSR），也称为面部幻觉，其旨在增强低分辨率（LR）面部图像以产生高分辨率（HR）面部图像的分辨率，是特定于域的图像超分辨率问题。最近，FSR获得了相当大的关注，并目睹了深度学习技术的发展炫目。迄今为止，有很少有基于深入学习的FSR的研究摘要。在本次调查中，我们以系统的方式对基于深度学习的FSR方法进行了全面审查。首先，我们总结了FSR的问题制定，并引入了流行的评估度量和损失功能。其次，我们详细说明了FSR中使用的面部特征和流行数据集。第三，我们根据面部特征的利用大致分类了现有方法。在每个类别中，我们从设计原则的一般描述开始，然后概述代表方法，然后讨论其中的利弊。第四，我们评估了一些最先进的方法的表现。第五，联合FSR和其他任务以及与FSR相关的申请大致介绍。最后，我们设想了这一领域进一步的技术进步的前景。在\ URL {https://github.com/junjun-jiang/face-hallucination-benchmark}上有一个策划的文件和资源的策划文件和资源清单

我们使用条件扩散模型介绍调色板，这是一种简单而一般的框架，可用于图像到图像到图像转换。在四个具有挑战性的图像到图像转换任务（着色，染色，un折叠和JPEG减压），调色板优于强大的GaN和回归基线，并建立了新的最新状态。这是在没有特定于任务特定的超参数调整，架构定制或任何辅助损耗的情况下实现的，展示了理想的一般性和灵活性。我们揭示了使用$ l_2 $与vs. $ l_1 $损失在样本多样性上的越来越多的影响，并通过经验架构研究表明自我关注的重要性。重要的是，我们倡导基于想象项目的统一评估协议，并报告包括预先训练的Reset-50的FID，成立得分，分类准确度的多个样本质量评分，以及针对各种基线的参考图像的感知距离。我们预计这一标准化评估协议在推进图像到图像翻译研究方面发挥着关键作用。最后，我们表明，在3个任务（着色，染色，JPEG减压）上培训的单个通用调色板模型也表现或优于特定于任务专家的专家对应物。