筛选行李X射线扫描的筛选杂乱和闭塞违禁品,即使对于专家的安全人员而言,甚至是一个繁琐的任务。本文提出了一种新的策略,其扩展了传统的编码器 - 解码器架构,以执行实例感知分段,并在不使用任何附加子网络或对象检测器的情况下执行违反互斥项的合并实例。编码器 - 解码器网络首先执行传统的语义分割,并检索杂乱的行李物品。然后,该模型在训练期间逐步发展,以识别各个情况,使用显着减少的训练批次。为了避免灾难性的遗忘,一种新颖的客观函数通过保留先前获得的知识来最小化每次迭代中的网络损失,同时通过贝叶斯推断解决其复杂的结构依赖性。对我们两个公开的X射线数据集的框架进行了全面评估,表明它优于最先进的方法,特别是在挑战的杂乱场景中,同时在检测准确性和效率之间实现最佳的权衡。
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检测行李中的非法和威胁物品是最大的安全问题之一。即使对于经验丰富的安全人员来说,手动检测也是一种耗时和压力的任务。许多学者都创建了自动框架,用于检测行李X射线扫描的可疑和违禁品数据。然而,为了我们的知识,不存在利用时间行李X射线图像的框架,以有效地筛选高度隐藏和闭塞物体,即使赤裸的眼睛也几乎看不到。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新型的时间融合驱动的多尺度残余方式编码器 - 解码器,将一系列连续扫描作为输入,并融合它们以产生可疑和不可疑行李内容的不同特征表示,导致更准确提取违禁品数据。使用可公开访问的GDXRAY数据集已彻底测试所提出的方法,该数据集是包含时间链接的灰度X射线扫描的唯一数据集,其展示了极其隐藏的违禁品数据。拟议的框架在各种度量标准上的GDXRay数据集上占据了竞争对手。
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视网膜疗法代表一组视网膜疾病,如果不及时治疗,可能会导致严重的视觉障碍甚至失明。许多研究人员已经开发了自治系统,通过眼底和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像识别视网膜病变。然而,大多数这些框架采用传统的转移学习和微调方法,需要一种非常良好的注释训练数据来产生准确的诊断性能。本文提出了一种新型增量跨域适应仪,可以通过几次拍摄培训允许任何深度分类模型逐步学习OCT和眼底图像的异常视网膜病理。此外,与其竞争对手不同,所提出的仪器通过贝叶斯多目标函数驱动,不仅执行候选分类网络,不仅在增量培训期间保留其先前学到的知识,而且还确保网络了解先前学习的结构和语义关系病理学和新增的疾病类别在推理阶段有效地识别它们。所提出的框架,在用三种不同的扫描仪获得的六个公共数据集中评估,以筛选十三个视网膜病理,优于最先进的竞争对手,通过分别实现了0.9826和0.9846的整体准确性和F1得分。
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肺部疾病会导致严重的呼吸问题,如果未及时治疗,导致猝死。许多研究人员利用深度学习系统使用胸部X射线(CXRS)诊断肺疾病。然而,这种系统需要在大规模数据上进行详尽的培训,以有效地诊断胸部异常。此外,采购这种大规模数据通常是不可行的和不切实际的,特别是对于罕见疾病。随着较近的增量学习的进步,研究人员定期调整了深度神经网络,以了解不同的训练示例。虽然,这种系统可以抵抗灾难性的遗忘,但它们彼此独立地对待知识表示,并且这限制了它们的分类性能。此外,据我们所知,没有增量学习驱动的图像诊断框架,专门用于筛选来自CXR的肺部障碍。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新颖的框架,可以学会逐步逐步筛选不同的胸部异常。除此之外,拟议的框架通过增量学习损失函数,即在逐步学习的知识表示之间识别逐步学习知识表示之间的结构和语义互相依赖性,无论扫描仪规格如何,都会识别逐步学习的知识表示之间的结构和语义相互作用。我们在包含不同胸部异常的五个公共CXR数据集上测试了拟议的框架,其中它通过各种指标表现出各种最先进的系统。
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X-ray imaging technology has been used for decades in clinical tasks to reveal the internal condition of different organs, and in recent years, it has become more common in other areas such as industry, security, and geography. The recent development of computer vision and machine learning techniques has also made it easier to automatically process X-ray images and several machine learning-based object (anomaly) detection, classification, and segmentation methods have been recently employed in X-ray image analysis. Due to the high potential of deep learning in related image processing applications, it has been used in most of the studies. This survey reviews the recent research on using computer vision and machine learning for X-ray analysis in industrial production and security applications and covers the applications, techniques, evaluation metrics, datasets, and performance comparison of those techniques on publicly available datasets. We also highlight some drawbacks in the published research and give recommendations for future research in computer vision-based X-ray analysis.
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Due to object detection's close relationship with video analysis and image understanding, it has attracted much research attention in recent years. Traditional object detection methods are built on handcrafted features and shallow trainable architectures. Their performance easily stagnates by constructing complex ensembles which combine multiple low-level image features with high-level context from object detectors and scene classifiers. With the rapid development in deep learning, more powerful tools, which are able to learn semantic, high-level, deeper features, are introduced to address the problems existing in traditional architectures. These models behave differently in network architecture, training strategy and optimization function, etc. In this paper, we provide a review on deep learning based object detection frameworks. Our review begins with a brief introduction on the history of deep learning and its representative tool, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Then we focus on typical generic object detection architectures along with some modifications and useful tricks to improve detection performance further. As distinct specific detection tasks exhibit different characteristics, we also briefly survey several specific tasks, including salient object detection, face detection and pedestrian detection. Experimental analyses are also provided to compare various methods and draw some meaningful conclusions. Finally, several promising directions and tasks are provided to serve as guidelines for future work in both object detection and relevant neural network based learning systems.
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视频分析的图像分割在不同的研究领域起着重要作用,例如智能城市,医疗保健,计算机视觉和地球科学以及遥感应用。在这方面,最近致力于发展新的细分策略;最新的杰出成就之一是Panoptic细分。后者是由语义和实例分割的融合引起的。明确地,目前正在研究Panoptic细分,以帮助获得更多对视频监控,人群计数,自主驾驶,医学图像分析的图像场景的更细致的知识,以及一般对场景更深入的了解。为此,我们介绍了本文的首次全面审查现有的Panoptic分段方法,以获得作者的知识。因此,基于所采用的算法,应用场景和主要目标的性质,执行现有的Panoptic技术的明确定义分类。此外,讨论了使用伪标签注释新数据集的Panoptic分割。继续前进,进行消融研究,以了解不同观点的Panoptic方法。此外,讨论了适合于Panoptic分割的评估度量,并提供了现有解决方案性能的比较,以告知最先进的并识别其局限性和优势。最后,目前对主题技术面临的挑战和吸引不久的将来吸引相当兴趣的未来趋势,可以成为即将到来的研究研究的起点。提供代码的文件可用于:https://github.com/elharroussomar/awesome-panoptic-egation
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本文推动了在图像中分解伪装区域的信封,成了有意义的组件,即伪装的实例。为了促进伪装实例分割的新任务,我们将在数量和多样性方面引入DataSet被称为Camo ++,该数据集被称为Camo ++。新数据集基本上增加了具有分层像素 - 明智的地面真理的图像的数量。我们还为伪装实例分割任务提供了一个基准套件。特别是,我们在各种场景中对新构造的凸轮++数据集进行了广泛的评估。我们还提出了一种伪装融合学习(CFL)伪装实例分割框架,以进一步提高最先进的方法的性能。数据集,模型,评估套件和基准测试将在我们的项目页面上公开提供:https://sites.google.com/view/ltnghia/research/camo_plus_plus
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在真实世界的环境中,可以通过对象检测器连续遇到来自新类的对象实例。当现有的对象探测器应用于这种情况时,它们在旧课程上的性能显着恶化。据报道,一些努力解决了这个限制,所有这些限制适用于知识蒸馏的变体,以避免灾难性的遗忘。我们注意到虽然蒸馏有助于保留以前的学习,但它阻碍了对新任务的快速适应性,这是增量学习的关键要求。在这种追求中,我们提出了一种学习方法,可以学习重塑模型梯度,使得跨增量任务的信息是最佳的共享。这可通过META学习梯度预处理来确保无缝信息传输,可最大限度地减少遗忘并最大化知识传输。与现有的元学习方法相比,我们的方法是任务不可知,允许将新类的增量添加到对象检测的高容量模型中。我们在Pascal-VOC和MS Coco Datasets上定义的各种增量学习设置中评估了我们的方法,我们的方法对最先进的方法进行了好评。
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In contrast to fully supervised methods using pixel-wise mask labels, box-supervised instance segmentation takes advantage of simple box annotations, which has recently attracted increasing research attention. This paper presents a novel single-shot instance segmentation approach, namely Box2Mask, which integrates the classical level-set evolution model into deep neural network learning to achieve accurate mask prediction with only bounding box supervision. Specifically, both the input image and its deep features are employed to evolve the level-set curves implicitly, and a local consistency module based on a pixel affinity kernel is used to mine the local context and spatial relations. Two types of single-stage frameworks, i.e., CNN-based and transformer-based frameworks, are developed to empower the level-set evolution for box-supervised instance segmentation, and each framework consists of three essential components: instance-aware decoder, box-level matching assignment and level-set evolution. By minimizing the level-set energy function, the mask map of each instance can be iteratively optimized within its bounding box annotation. The experimental results on five challenging testbeds, covering general scenes, remote sensing, medical and scene text images, demonstrate the outstanding performance of our proposed Box2Mask approach for box-supervised instance segmentation. In particular, with the Swin-Transformer large backbone, our Box2Mask obtains 42.4% mask AP on COCO, which is on par with the recently developed fully mask-supervised methods. The code is available at: https://github.com/LiWentomng/boxlevelset.
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Image segmentation is a key topic in image processing and computer vision with applications such as scene understanding, medical image analysis, robotic perception, video surveillance, augmented reality, and image compression, among many others. Various algorithms for image segmentation have been developed in the literature. Recently, due to the success of deep learning models in a wide range of vision applications, there has been a substantial amount of works aimed at developing image segmentation approaches using deep learning models. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature at the time of this writing, covering a broad spectrum of pioneering works for semantic and instance-level segmentation, including fully convolutional pixel-labeling networks, encoder-decoder architectures, multi-scale and pyramid based approaches, recurrent networks, visual attention models, and generative models in adversarial settings. We investigate the similarity, strengths and challenges of these deep learning models, examine the most widely used datasets, report performances, and discuss promising future research directions in this area.
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语义分割是图像的像素明智标记。由于在像素级别定义了问题,因此确定图像类标签是不可接受的,而是在原始图像像素分辨率下本地化它们是必要的。通过卷积神经网络(CNN)在创建语义,高级和分层图像特征方面的非凡能力推动;在过去十年中提出了几种基于深入的学习的2D语义分割方法。在本调查中,我们主要关注最近的语义细分科学发展,特别是在使用2D图像的基于深度学习的方法。我们开始分析了对2D语义分割的公共图像集和排行榜,概述了性能评估中使用的技术。在研究现场的演变时,我们按时间顺序分类为三个主要时期,即预先和早期的深度学习时代,完全卷积的时代和后FCN时代。我们在技术上分析了解决领域的基本问题的解决方案,例如细粒度的本地化和规模不变性。在借阅我们的结论之前,我们提出了一张来自所有提到的时代的方法表,每个方法都概述了他们对该领域的贡献。我们通过讨论现场当前的挑战以及他们已经解决的程度来结束调查。
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随着深度卷积神经网络的兴起,对象检测在过去几年中取得了突出的进步。但是,这种繁荣无法掩盖小物体检测(SOD)的不令人满意的情况,这是计算机视觉中臭名昭著的挑战性任务之一,这是由于视觉外观不佳和由小目标的内在结构引起的嘈杂表示。此外,用于基准小对象检测方法基准测试的大规模数据集仍然是瓶颈。在本文中,我们首先对小物体检测进行了详尽的审查。然后,为了催化SOD的发展,我们分别构建了两个大规模的小物体检测数据集(SODA),SODA-D和SODA-A,分别集中在驾驶和空中场景上。 SODA-D包括24704个高质量的交通图像和277596个9个类别的实例。对于苏打水,我们收集2510个高分辨率航空图像,并在9个类别上注释800203实例。众所周知,拟议的数据集是有史以来首次尝试使用针对多类SOD量身定制的大量注释实例进行大规模基准测试。最后,我们评估主流方法在苏打水上的性能。我们预计发布的基准可以促进SOD的发展,并产生该领域的更多突破。数据集和代码将很快在:\ url {https://shaunyuan22.github.io/soda}上。
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表面缺陷检测是工业质量检查最重要的过程之一。基于深度学习的表面缺陷检测方法已显示出巨大的潜力。但是,表现出色的模型通常需要大量的训练数据,并且只能检测出在训练阶段出现的缺陷。当面对少量数据数据时,缺陷检测模型不可避免地会遭受灾难性遗忘和错误分类问题的困扰。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一个新的知识蒸馏网络,称为双知识对齐网络(DKAN)。提出的DKAN方法遵循预处理的转移学习范式,并设计了用于微调的知识蒸馏框架。具体而言,提出了增量RCNN以实现不同类别的分离稳定特征表示。在此框架下,设计特征知识对齐(FKA)的损失是在类不足的特征图之间设计的,以解决灾难性的遗忘问题,而logit知识对准(LKA)损失在logit分布之间部署以解决错误分类问题。实验已经在递增的几个neu-det数据集上进行,结果表明,DKAN在各种几个场景上的其他方法都优于其他方法,对平均平均精度度量指标最高可达6.65%,这证明了该方法的有效性。
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基于深度学习的方法在3D对象检测任务中显示出显着性能。然而,当在逐步学习新类时,它们遭受了最初训练的课程的灾难性表现下降,而无需重新审视旧数据。这种“灾难性忘记”现象阻碍了现实世界场景中的3D对象检测方法的部署,其中需要连续学习系统。在本文中,我们研究了未开发的但重要的类增量3D对象检测问题,并提出了第一种解决方案 - SDCOT,一种新型静态动态共同教学方法。我们的SDCOT通过静态教师减轻了灾难性的旧课程,这为新样本中的旧课程提供了伪注释,并通过用蒸馏损失提取先前的知识来规范电流模型。与此同时,SDCOT一致地通过动态教师从新数据中了解基础知识。我们对两个基准数据集进行了广泛的实验,并在几个增量学习场景中展示了我们SDCOT对基线方法的卓越性能。
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随着深度学习方法的进步,如深度卷积神经网络,残余神经网络,对抗网络的进步。 U-Net架构最广泛利用生物医学图像分割,以解决目标区域或子区域的识别和检测的自动化。在最近的研究中,基于U-Net的方法在不同应用中显示了最先进的性能,以便在脑肿瘤,肺癌,阿尔茨海默,乳腺癌等疾病的早期诊断和治疗中发育计算机辅助诊断系统等,使用各种方式。本文通过描述U-Net框架来提出这些方法的成功,然后通过执行1)型号的U-Net变体进行综合分析,2)模特内分类,建立更好的见解相关的挑战和解决方案。此外,本文还强调了基于U-Net框架在持续的大流行病,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-COV-2)中的贡献也称为Covid-19。最后,分析了这些U-Net变体的优点和相似性以及生物医学图像分割所涉及的挑战,以发现该领域的未来未来的研究方向。
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In object detection, the intersection over union (IoU) threshold is frequently used to define positives/negatives. The threshold used to train a detector defines its quality. While the commonly used threshold of 0.5 leads to noisy (low-quality) detections, detection performance frequently degrades for larger thresholds. This paradox of high-quality detection has two causes: 1) overfitting, due to vanishing positive samples for large thresholds, and 2) inference-time quality mismatch between detector and test hypotheses. A multi-stage object detection architecture, the Cascade R-CNN, composed of a sequence of detectors trained with increasing IoU thresholds, is proposed to address these problems. The detectors are trained sequentially, using the output of a detector as training set for the next. This resampling progressively improves hypotheses quality, guaranteeing a positive training set of equivalent size for all detectors and minimizing overfitting. The same cascade is applied at inference, to eliminate quality mismatches between hypotheses and detectors. An implementation of the Cascade R-CNN without bells or whistles achieves state-of-the-art performance on the COCO dataset, and significantly improves high-quality detection on generic and specific object detection datasets, including VOC, KITTI, CityPerson, and WiderFace. Finally, the Cascade R-CNN is generalized to instance segmentation, with nontrivial improvements over the Mask R-CNN. To facilitate future research, two implementations are made available at https://github.com/zhaoweicai/cascade-rcnn (Caffe) and https://github.com/zhaoweicai/Detectron-Cascade-RCNN (Detectron).
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组织学图像中核和腺体的实例分割是用于癌症诊断,治疗计划和生存分析的计算病理学工作流程中的重要一步。随着现代硬件的出现,大规模质量公共数据集的最新可用性以及社区组织的宏伟挑战已经看到了自动化方法的激增,重点是特定领域的挑战,这对于技术进步和临床翻译至关重要。在这项调查中,深入分析了过去五年(2017-2022)中发表的原子核和腺体实例细分的126篇论文,进行了深入分析,讨论了当前方法的局限性和公开挑战。此外,提出了潜在的未来研究方向,并总结了最先进方法的贡献。此外,还提供了有关公开可用数据集的概括摘要以及关于说明每种挑战的最佳性能方法的巨大挑战的详细见解。此外,我们旨在使读者现有研究的现状和指针在未来的发展方向上开发可用于临床实践的方法,从而可以改善诊断,分级,预后和癌症的治疗计划。据我们所知,以前没有工作回顾了朝向这一方向的组织学图像中的实例细分。
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深度神经网络在学习新任务时遭受灾难性遗忘的主要限制。在本文中,我们专注于语义细分中的课堂持续学习,其中新类别随着时间的推移,而在未保留以前的训练数据。建议的持续学习方案塑造了潜在的空间来减少遗忘,同时提高了对新型课程的识别。我们的框架是由三种新的组件驱动,我们还毫不费力地结合现有的技术。首先,匹配的原型匹配在旧类上强制执行潜在空间一致性,约束编码器在后续步骤中为先前看到的类生成类似的潜在潜在表示。其次,特征稀疏性允许在潜在空间中腾出空间以容纳新型课程。最后,根据他们的语义,在统一的同时撕裂不同类别的语义,对形成对比的学习。对Pascal VOC2012和ADE20K数据集的广泛评估展示了我们方法的有效性,显着优于最先进的方法。
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Scaling object taxonomies is one of the important steps toward a robust real-world deployment of recognition systems. We have faced remarkable progress in images since the introduction of the LVIS benchmark. To continue this success in videos, a new video benchmark, TAO, was recently presented. Given the recent encouraging results from both detection and tracking communities, we are interested in marrying those two advances and building a strong large vocabulary video tracker. However, supervisions in LVIS and TAO are inherently sparse or even missing, posing two new challenges for training the large vocabulary trackers. First, no tracking supervisions are in LVIS, which leads to inconsistent learning of detection (with LVIS and TAO) and tracking (only with TAO). Second, the detection supervisions in TAO are partial, which results in catastrophic forgetting of absent LVIS categories during video fine-tuning. To resolve these challenges, we present a simple but effective learning framework that takes full advantage of all available training data to learn detection and tracking while not losing any LVIS categories to recognize. With this new learning scheme, we show that consistent improvements of various large vocabulary trackers are capable, setting strong baseline results on the challenging TAO benchmarks.
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