Driven by improved architectures and better representation learning frameworks, the field of visual recognition has enjoyed rapid modernization and performance boost in the early 2020s. For example, modern ConvNets, represented by ConvNeXt, have demonstrated strong performance in various scenarios. While these models were originally designed for supervised learning with ImageNet labels, they can also potentially benefit from self-supervised learning techniques such as masked autoencoders (MAE). However, we found that simply combining these two approaches leads to subpar performance. In this paper, we propose a fully convolutional masked autoencoder framework and a new Global Response Normalization (GRN) layer that can be added to the ConvNeXt architecture to enhance inter-channel feature competition. This co-design of self-supervised learning techniques and architectural improvement results in a new model family called ConvNeXt V2, which significantly improves the performance of pure ConvNets on various recognition benchmarks, including ImageNet classification, COCO detection, and ADE20K segmentation. We also provide pre-trained ConvNeXt V2 models of various sizes, ranging from an efficient 3.7M-parameter Atto model with 76.7% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, to a 650M Huge model that achieves a state-of-the-art 88.9% accuracy using only public training data.

We present Second Thought, a new learning paradigm that enables language models (LMs) to re-align with human values. By modeling the chain-of-edits between value-unaligned and value-aligned text, with LM fine-tuning and additional refinement through reinforcement learning, Second Thought not only achieves superior performance in three value alignment benchmark datasets but also shows strong human-value transfer learning ability in few-shot scenarios. The generated editing steps also offer better interpretability and ease for interactive error correction. Extensive human evaluations further confirm its effectiveness.

In reinforcement learning applications like robotics, agents usually need to deal with various input/output features when specified with different state/action spaces by their developers or physical restrictions. This indicates unnecessary re-training from scratch and considerable sample inefficiency, especially when agents follow similar solution steps to achieve tasks. In this paper, we aim to transfer similar high-level goal-transition knowledge to alleviate the challenge. Specifically, we propose PILoT, i.e., Planning Immediate Landmarks of Targets. PILoT utilizes the universal decoupled policy optimization to learn a goal-conditioned state planner; then, distills a goal-planner to plan immediate landmarks in a model-free style that can be shared among different agents. In our experiments, we show the power of PILoT on various transferring challenges, including few-shot transferring across action spaces and dynamics, from low-dimensional vector states to image inputs, from simple robot to complicated morphology; and we also illustrate a zero-shot transfer solution from a simple 2D navigation task to the harder Ant-Maze task.

The crossMoDA challenge aims to automatically segment the vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumor and cochlea regions of unlabeled high-resolution T2 scans by leveraging labeled contrast-enhanced T1 scans. The 2022 edition extends the segmentation task by including multi-institutional scans. In this work, we proposed an unpaired cross-modality segmentation framework using data augmentation and hybrid convolutional networks. Considering heterogeneous distributions and various image sizes for multi-institutional scans, we apply the min-max normalization for scaling the intensities of all scans between -1 and 1, and use the voxel size resampling and center cropping to obtain fixed-size sub-volumes for training. We adopt two data augmentation methods for effectively learning the semantic information and generating realistic target domain scans: generative and online data augmentation. For generative data augmentation, we use CUT and CycleGAN to generate two groups of realistic T2 volumes with different details and appearances for supervised segmentation training. For online data augmentation, we design a random tumor signal reducing method for simulating the heterogeneity of VS tumor signals. Furthermore, we utilize an advanced hybrid convolutional network with multi-dimensional convolutions to adaptively learn sparse inter-slice information and dense intra-slice information for accurate volumetric segmentation of VS tumor and cochlea regions in anisotropic scans. On the crossMoDA2022 validation dataset, our method produces promising results and achieves the mean DSC values of 72.47% and 76.48% and ASSD values of 3.42 mm and 0.53 mm for VS tumor and cochlea regions, respectively.

The 1$^{\text{st}}$ Workshop on Maritime Computer Vision (MaCVi) 2023 focused on maritime computer vision for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), and organized several subchallenges in this domain: (i) UAV-based Maritime Object Detection, (ii) UAV-based Maritime Object Tracking, (iii) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Segmentation and (iv) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Detection. The subchallenges were based on the SeaDronesSee and MODS benchmarks. This report summarizes the main findings of the individual subchallenges and introduces a new benchmark, called SeaDronesSee Object Detection v2, which extends the previous benchmark by including more classes and footage. We provide statistical and qualitative analyses, and assess trends in the best-performing methodologies of over 130 submissions. The methods are summarized in the appendix. The datasets, evaluation code and the leaderboard are publicly available at https://seadronessee.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/macvi.

Video super-resolution is one of the most popular tasks on mobile devices, being widely used for an automatic improvement of low-bitrate and low-resolution video streams. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem, they are usually quite computationally demanding, demonstrating low FPS rates and power efficiency on mobile devices. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an end-to-end real-time video super-resolution solution for mobile NPUs optimized for low energy consumption. The participants were provided with the REDS training dataset containing video sequences for a 4X video upscaling task. The runtime and power efficiency of all models was evaluated on the powerful MediaTek Dimensity 9000 platform with a dedicated AI processing unit capable of accelerating floating-point and quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 500 FPS rate and 0.2 [Watt / 30 FPS] power consumption. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

High-quality traffic flow generation is the core module in building simulators for autonomous driving. However, the majority of available simulators are incapable of replicating traffic patterns that accurately reflect the various features of real-world data while also simulating human-like reactive responses to the tested autopilot driving strategies. Taking one step forward to addressing such a problem, we propose Realistic Interactive TrAffic flow (RITA) as an integrated component of existing driving simulators to provide high-quality traffic flow for the evaluation and optimization of the tested driving strategies. RITA is developed with fidelity, diversity, and controllability in consideration, and consists of two core modules called RITABackend and RITAKit. RITABackend is built to support vehicle-wise control and provide traffic generation models from real-world datasets, while RITAKit is developed with easy-to-use interfaces for controllable traffic generation via RITABackend. We demonstrate RITA's capacity to create diversified and high-fidelity traffic simulations in several highly interactive highway scenarios. The experimental findings demonstrate that our produced RITA traffic flows meet all three design goals, hence enhancing the completeness of driving strategy evaluation. Moreover, we showcase the possibility for further improvement of baseline strategies through online fine-tuning with RITA traffic flows.

变压器是一个变革性框架，可以对顺序数据进行建模，并在广泛的任务上取得了出色的性能，但具有高计算和能源成本。为了提高其效率，一个受欢迎的选择是通过二进制化压缩模型，将浮点值限制为二进制值，以节省资源消耗，这是由于廉价的钻头操作而大大减少了资源。但是，现有的二进制方法仅旨在最大程度地统计地减少输入分布的信息损失，同时忽略了注意机制核心的成对相似性建模。为此，我们提出了一种新的二进制范式，通过二维软式散发范式通过二维的散布量表（称为ecoformer）将原始查询和钥匙映射到锤子空间中的低维二进制代码中。学会了内核化的哈希函数，以以自我监督的方式从注意图中提取的基础真相相似性关系匹配。基于二进制代码的内部乘积与锤距距离以及矩阵乘法的关联性质之间的等效性，我们可以通过将其表示为二进制代码的点产量来近似线性复杂性中的注意力。此外，查询和钥匙的紧凑型二进制表示使我们能够用简单的积累来代替大多数昂贵的多重收益操作，以节省边缘设备上的片上能量足迹。关于视觉和语言任务的广泛实验表明，生态学家始终如一地达到与标准专注的可比性，同时消耗了更少的资源。例如，与标准注意相比，基于PVTV2-B0和Imagenet-1K，EcoFormer可实现73％的能量足迹降低，性能下降仅为0.33％。代码可从https://github.com/ziplab/ecoformer获得。

非凸优化的传统分析通常取决于平滑度的假设，即要求梯度为Lipschitz。但是，最近的证据表明，这种平滑度条件并未捕获一些深度学习目标功能的特性，包括涉及复发性神经网络和LSTM的函数。取而代之的是，他们满足了更轻松的状况，并具有潜在的无界光滑度。在这个轻松的假设下，从理论和经验上表明，倾斜的SGD比香草具有优势。在本文中，我们表明，在解决此类情况时，剪辑对于ADAM型算法是不可或缺的：从理论上讲，我们证明了广义标志GD算法可以获得与带有剪辑的SGD相似的收敛速率，但根本不需要显式剪辑。一端的这个算法家族恢复了符号，另一端与受欢迎的亚当算法非常相似。我们的分析强调了动量在分析符号类型和ADAM型算法中发挥作用的关键作用：它不仅降低了噪声的影响，因此在先前的符号分析中消除了大型迷你批次的需求显着降低了无界平滑度和梯度规范的影响。我们还将这些算法与流行的优化器进行了比较，在一组深度学习任务上，观察到我们可以在击败其他人的同时匹配亚当的性能。

本文回顾了AIM 2022上压缩图像和视频超级分辨率的挑战。这项挑战包括两条曲目。轨道1的目标是压缩图像的超分辨率，轨迹〜2靶向压缩视频的超分辨率。在轨道1中，我们使用流行的数据集DIV2K作为培训，验证和测试集。在轨道2中，我们提出了LDV 3.0数据集，其中包含365个视频，包括LDV 2.0数据集（335个视频）和30个其他视频。在这一挑战中，有12支球队和2支球队分别提交了赛道1和赛道2的最终结果。所提出的方法和解决方案衡量了压缩图像和视频上超分辨率的最先进。提出的LDV 3.0数据集可在https://github.com/renyang-home/ldv_dataset上找到。此挑战的首页是在https://github.com/renyang-home/aim22_compresssr。